Module 6 Old and New

高考词汇

date vi. 始于（某一历史时期）

remove vt. 迁移；搬迁

generate vt. 发（电）

crash vi. （飞机）失事；坠毁

engineering n. （土木）工程

construction n. 建造；建设；建筑

poem n. 诗；诗歌

dam n. 坝；堤；水闸

canal n. 运河

narrow adj. 狭窄的

global adj. 全球的

freezing adj. 冷冰冰的；极冷的

civil adj. 民用的；国内的

enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的

ridiculous adj. 荒唐的；可笑的

foggy adj. 有浓雾的

常用短语

date from 起源于

hold back 阻止

come true （梦想等）变成现实

make sense 有意义；有道理

bring an end to 结束；终止

dream of 向往；梦想

work out 解决；解答；计算出

拓展词汇

accommodate vt. 容纳（乘客等）

harness vt. 利用；将（自然力）变成动力

submerge vt. 浸入水中；淹没

structure n. 建筑物；结构

relic n. （常作复数）（历史的）遗迹；遗物

site n. 场所；遗址

carving n. （尤指木头、象牙等的）雕刻（品）

cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁

gorge n. 峡谷

watchtower n. 望台

bulletin n. 小型报刊；短新闻；报告

reservoir n. 水库

Buddhist n. 佛教徒

terminal n. （机场的）集散站；终点站；候机厅

observatory n. 观察台

historical adj. 历史的；有关历史的

hydro-electric adj. 水力发电的

过渡词汇

dynasty n. 朝代

empire n. 帝国

trade n. 贸易；商业

temple n. 寺庙

Vietnamese n. 越南人

adj. 越南人的

grand adj. 壮丽的；宏伟的；堂皇的；重大的

essential adj. 必不可少的；绝对必要的

在Module 5的基础上，进一步学习定语从句的用法。

1. 非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语是对先行词的附加说明，若省去也不影响主句的意思。它和主句之间用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。

The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world， which is more than 6，000 kilometres long.

Sun Yat-sen， who was the leader of 1911 Revolution， first suggested the idea in 1919.

而限制性定语从句是用来修饰和限制先行词的，是复合句中不可缺少的组成部分。若将它去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，主句也不完整了。He came from a family which was very poor.

2. 定语从句中关系代词的省略

（1） 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语和表语时，关系代词可以省略。

（2） The dam （that） we saw in the film wasnt the Three Gorges Dam.

The students （whom） I met near the reservoir were from Vietnam.

（3） 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词担任介词宾语而介词没放在关系词前面时，关系代词可以省略。

I met a man （who） my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.

I wanted to visit the house （that） my grandfather lived in.

词汇短语园地

1. accommodate vt. 容纳（乘客等）

The hotel can accommodate 500 tourists.

这家旅馆可住五百名观光客。

The cottage could accommodate up to five people.

这间小屋最多能容纳五个人。

2. generate vt. 发（电）

A dynamo is used to generate electricity.

发电机用于发电。

造成；引起

Investment generates higher incomes.

投资带来更高的收入。

This hatred was generated by racial prejudice.

这种仇恨是由种族偏见引起的。

3. freezing adj. 冷冰冰的；极冷的

Freezing winter is harmful to orange trees.

冰冷的冬天对桔树有害。

I must put on a warm pullover because Im freezing.

我都冻坏了，必须穿件暖和的羊毛衫。

（1） freeze vt. ①使结冰；使凝固；使冻住

The cold weather froze the lake.

寒冷的天气把湖冻住了。

②使冻僵（或冻伤，冻死）

He was frozen stiff after sitting so long.

他坐了好长时间，人都冻僵了。

③使呆住；使战栗

She froze her noisy children with a single look.

她一瞪眼，吵闹的孩子们马上动也不敢动。

④冻结（物价、工资、资产等）；冻结（存款）

His salary was frozen at 200 dollars per week.

他的薪水固定在每周二百美元的水平上。

（2） vi. ①结冰；凝固

When the thermometer is at 0 degree centigrade， water will freeze.

当温度计降至摄氏零度时，水便会结冰。

②（用it作主语）冰冻；严寒

It froze hard last night. 昨夜有严重冰冻。

③（因恐惧等）呆住；战栗；变僵硬

She froze at the sound of a gun.

她一听到枪声就吓呆了。

4. enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的

enormous与huge基本同义，指在尺寸、数量或程度上“特别巨大”。

In this period， the cost will be enormous.

在这期间，损失将会很大。

Long ago enormous animals lived on the earth.

很久以前，地球上生活着巨大的动物。

She stood alone on the enormous stage.

她孤零零地站在巨大的舞台上。

5. remove vt. 迁移；移居

Our office has removed from Qingdao to Shanghai.

我们的办公处已从青岛迁到了上海。

拿走；移动；脱掉；摘掉；除掉；排除；免职；解雇

Remove your hand from my shoulder.

把你的手从我的肩膀上拿开。

He removed his hat and gloves.

他摘掉了帽子和手套。

These reforms will not remove poverty and injustice.

这些改革消除不了贫穷和不公正。

The manager was removed from his post yesterday.

这位经理昨天被免职了。

比较：move和remove的区别

两者都可表示“移动”，区别是move强调位置和姿态的改变，remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居时”，两者均可用。

Please move your car； its blocking my way out.

请把你的车子移开一下，它挡住了我的去路。

He removed his desk to another office.

他把他的桌子搬到另一个办公室了。

6. name...after/for... 以……而命名

Jim is named after his father.

吉姆是以他父亲的名字起名的。

The island is named for its discoverer.

这座岛屿以其发现者的名字命名。

7. dream of 向往；梦想

I dream of having a lot of money.

我梦想着有一大笔钱。

She dreams of becoming famous one day.

她梦想有一天能够出名。

dream后面也可接that从句。

He dreamed that he could go to Beijing University for further study.

他渴望能进入北京大学深造。

8. crash vi.（飞机）失事；坠毁

Were going to crash， arent we？

我们要坠毁了，是不是？

A truck went out of control and crashed into a wall.

货车失控撞上了墙。

9. work out 解决；解答；计算出

Have you worked out this problem yet？

你解决了这个问题了吗？

Can you work out how much money it will need？

你能算出将需要多少钱吗？

制定；拟定；想出；进行情况良好

He worked out all the details of the plan.

他详细拟定了这项计划。

Mary worked out a beautiful design for a sweater.

玛丽给一件毛衣想出了一个漂亮的设计。

I hope the new project will work out.

我希望新计划能顺利完成。

10. date from 起源于

date from = date back to，后面都跟一个具体的时间，表示可以追溯到某个时间。

The history of public education in the United States dates from the society of the early pioneers.

美国的公共教育史起源于早期拓荒者的社会。

Our friendship dates from/back to our childhood.

我们的友谊可以追溯到我们的童年。

The Forbidden City can date back to/from the 14th century.

紫禁城可以追溯到14世纪。

11. hold back 阻止；克制（情感、情绪）；隐瞒；犹豫

No one can hold back the wheel of history.

谁也无法阻止历史的车轮。

The police had to use force to hold back the crowd.

警察不得不用武力阻止人群。

She was unable to hold back her excitement.

她按捺不住激动的心情

Tell me the truth—dont hold anything back！

告诉我真相，什么都别隐瞒！

He held back at the last moment， and lost an excellent opportunity.

他在最后片刻犹豫了，因而失去了一个绝佳的机会。

12. come true（梦想等）变成现实

His dream will come true sooner or later.

他的理想迟早会实现。

I hope his dream of becoming a pianist will come true. 我希望他成为钢琴家的梦想可以成真。

His wish to be an actor has come true.

他想当演员的愿望实现了。

比较：come true和realize的区别

come true表示“变为现实时”，由物作主语，不用于被动语态；realize作“实现”讲时为及物动词，可用于被动语态。

His wish was realized finally.

他的愿望终于实现了。

Our hopes will come true/be realized.

我们的希望会实现。

13. make sense 有意义；有道理

The movie doesnt make any sense.

这个电影根本就是瞎编。

It makes sense to take care of your health.

注意身体健康是明智的。

make sense of 理解；懂得

Can you make sense of what this writer is saying？

你能理解这位作家说的话吗？

14. bring an end to 结束；终止

The arrival of white people gradually brought an end to the traditional aboriginal way of life.

白人的到来逐渐使传统的土著生活结束。

The Great Depression brought an end to economic expansion and social progress.

大萧条结束了经济扩张和社会进步。

（1） bring...to a stop 使……停止；使……停住

The driver brought his Audi to a sudden stop.

司机把他的奥迪车突然停下来。

（2） bring...to a close/an end 使……结束；使……完结

At last they brought the Marathon meeting to a close.

最后，他们结束了马拉松比赛。

A big head

A boy cried to his mother， “All the children make fun of me. They say I have a big head.”

“Dont listen to them，” his mother said. “You have a beautiful head. Now stop crying and go to the store to buy twenty pounds of patotoes.”

“Where is the shopping bag？”

“I havent got one. Use your hat.”

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A Problem of Modern life

Our surroundings are being polluted faster than nature and mans present effort cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people， and more people will bring us more industries， more cars， larger cities， and the growing use of man-made materials.

What can explain and solve this problem？ The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by their desire for a modern way of life. We make “increasing industrialization” our major goal. So we are often ready to offer everything， clean air， pure water， good food， our health and even the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities， eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years， pollution has become a serious problem.

Isnt it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going —and why？ It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over a loudspeaker， “Ive some good news and some bad news. The good news is that were making rapid progress at 530 miles an hour. The bad news is that were lost and dont know where were going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society.

1. Why do people crowd into the cities？

A. They want to find well-paid jobs.

B. They have become tired of their homeland.

C. They have a strong wish to become industrial workers.

D. They are anxious to enjoy the achievements of our society.

2. According to the passage， what does man value most？

A. Industry. B. Health.

C. Clean air. D. The future of the children.

3. What does the story about the airline pilot tell us？

A. Man knows where the society is going.

B. Man can do little about the problem of pollution.

C. The writer is worried about the future of our society.

D. People do not welcome the rapid development of modern society.

4. What is the writers purpose of writing the passage？

A. To show its time we did something to reduce pollution.

B. To call on us to lower the speed of development to stop pollution.

C. To show as industry is growing fast pollution is the natural result.

D. To show with the development of technology pollution has become a serious problem.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

relic engineering resign gorge structure

terminal condition civil accommodate date

1. The fall of the government resulted in a（n） ____ war.

2. He gave up ____ and chose to leave the university.

3. I thought the ____ is going to crash.

4. The cultural ____ discovered lately in that place date from the Ming Dynasty.

5. One flat in the buildings can ____ a family of five.

6. He shocked the whole company by ____ from his position.

7. Its so easy to lose ones bearings in the underground passages between the ____ at the airport.

8. The traditional friendship between our two peoples ____ back to ancient days.

句子翻译

1. 他们向水灾地区提供食品和衣物。

2. 布莱克先生是我的老朋友，我们的友谊始于1985年。

3. 他厌倦了城市生活，梦想回到农村。

4. 我惊讶地发现村子变了。

单项选择

1. They ___ against the strong wind and big waves for two days and nights.

A. held out B. held back

C. held down D. held up

2. Her smile ___ her kindness to us.

A. provided B. suggested

C. offered D. gave

3. My mother asked my brother to cut the watermelon into four pieces and ___ the seeds.

A. remove B. move

C. dig D. take

4.Have you visited this ancient temple ___ the Song Dynasty？

A. dated from B. to date from

C. be dated from D. dating from

5.The computer ___ a large number of electronic switches.

A. contains B. includes

C. accommodates D. provides

6. The student ___ his seat on the bus to an old lady.

A. offered B. provided

C. removed D. supplied

7. He ___ his parents great anxiety by travelling in Egypt alone.

A. produced B. caused

C. affected D. generated

8. The new twenty-storyed building ___ the other day will be a hospital.

A. be completed B. completing

C. to complete D. completed

9. I could feel the rain ___ on my face.

A. to drop B. dropped

C. drop D. dropping

10. Have you heard of the town ___ when the dam is built？

A. submerge B. submerging

C. submerged D. being submerged

跟踪导练（二）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

generate construct forecast argument harness

submerge narrow disappear history site

1. The 20-kilometre-long subway is so far Guangzhous largest ____ project.

2. They will do their best to ____ more energy from the wind and the sun.

3. There are plans to widen the ____ section of the road.

4. Professor Smith， an old professor of history， is still busy doing

____ research every day.

5. Many great people， such as Sun Yetsen and Mao Zedong， were once active in the south， leaving behind many famous ____ which are full of visitors.

6. The dam ____ the energy of the river.

7. Forests are now ____ around the coast of Britain.

8. We were puzzled by the sudden ____ of our guide.

句子翻译

1. 我去年买的那幢房子带着一个漂亮的花园。

2. 我们朝村子走去，村民们正在那里赶集。（赶集have a market day）

3. 一个中年女子杀死了一只可爱的小狗，这令我十分恐惧。

4. 莎莉，你现在所说的话毫无意义。

单项选择

1. Bad habits are not easy to be ___ ； it needs your determination.

A. replaced B. removed

C. moved D. got rid

2. ___ is known to all， water is an important kind of natural resource.

A. As B. Which

C. That D. When

3. The leader of the team is a 44-year-old Frenchman， ___ wife is also a team member.

A. who B. whom

C. which D. whose

4. Im to fly to Kunming， ___ it is warm in this season.

A. which B. that

C. where D. when

5. He said he would come to my house to see me tomorrow afternoon， ___ I will have some other friends to play together.

A. when B. where

C. which D. who

6. We climbed the Huangshan Mountain yesterday， ___ ， not surprisingly， was crowded with visitors from all over the world.

A. where B. which

C. that D. when

7. This is John Brown， ___ I think has something interesting to tell you.

A. which B. whom

C. that D. who

8. Which film is the one ___ main actor has won the Best Actor Prize in the film festival？

A. who B. whom

C. whose D. which

9. In that country， November 30th is a national festival ___ everyone， men and women， old and young， sings and dances happily in the streets.

A. where B. when

C. that D. as

10. — ___ ？

— Quite a success.

A. What was your class meeting about

B. Why was your class meeting held

C. What was your class meeting like

D. How was your class meeting held

完形填空

Surfing： Its Not Just for Boys Any More

If you ask high school girls to name their favorite sport， most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happen to be one of the few girls who would 1 ： surfing. But isnt that a boy thing？ Some people 2 . Most certainly not.

I started surfing about five years ago and 3 in love with the sport on the very first day. Riding that first 4 was the best feeling I had ever experienced. When I try to 5 surfing with other things， I find it very 6 . Because， in my study， theres nothing like it. It involves body， 7 ， and soul. Theres sand between my toes and cool， salt water all 8 us. The feeling I get when Im surfing across that 9 ， becoming one with the 10 ， is like Im weightless. The one thing I can 11 from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenges （挑战）. You can never be the “best surfer” because the ocean 12 an uncountable variety of waves that nobody can ever 13 . All of these things attract me to surf and make it 14 from any other sport.

Ive 15 to tell every girl I know to do something that people dont think girls can do. Its part of being human to advance to new 16 ， so shouldnt it be expected that girls should step up and start 17 the limits of things boys and men used to dominate （主宰）？

There are women 18 side by side with the President of our country， so why not be side by side with the boys 19 the football team or out in the water surfing？ Give girls a chance to 20 ， and they will.

1. A. tell B. answer C. give D. realize

2. A. wonder B. think C. reply D. believe

3. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell

4. A. wave B. storm C. sailing D. boat

5. A. bring B. connect C. compare D. tie

6. A. ridiculous B. difficult C. active D. essential

7. A. mind B. effort C. health D. time

8. A. along B. above C. around D. between

9. A. beach B. water C. board D. lake

10. A. sky B. world C. earth D. ocean

11. A. take B. get C. make D. keep

12. A. catches B. faces C. offers D. contains

13. A. master B. learn C. stand D. imitate

14. A. known B. right C. far D. different

15. A. chosen B. tried C. warned D. failed

16. A. level B. place C. step D. part

17. A. reaching B. accepting C. pushing D. setting

18. A. sitting B. walking C. fighting D. working

19. A. of B. from C. on D. with

20. A. study B. succeed C. work D. surf

跟踪导练（三）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

essential transport global disagree foggy

poem evidence canal reservoir carving

1. Burning coal has led to ____ warming.

2. November is a month which has many ____ days.

3. He wrote a（n） ____ about war.

4. Nowadays the ____ are still playing a very important part in the transport of goods by water in our country.

5. The most famous tourist attractions in Chongqing are Dazu Rock ____ and the Three Gorges.

6. Its a very high office building with all ____ modern facilities.

7. The department of ____ continues to study information about SUV.

8. The lake was not a natural one， but a man-made ____ .

句子翻译

1. 我们都为长城感到骄傲，它是世界人造奇迹之一。

2. 我父亲是个医生，他常常鼓励我努力学习。

3. 我们必须结束他们无休止的争论。

4. 让小孩们玩火柴明智吗？

单项选择

1. Without air to hold some of the suns heat， the earth at night ___ ， too cold for us to live.

A. would be frozen cold B. can freeze coldly

C. would be freezing coldly D. would be freezing cold

2. Were just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. where B. that

C. when D. which

3. Her sister has become a lawyer， ___ she wanted to be.

A. who B. that

C. what D. which

4. I showed an old friend of mine around the city， ___ surprise， the changes had been so great.

A. whose B. which

C. to whose D. to which

5. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble， ___ was very kind of them.

A. who B. which

C. that D. it

6. Were trying to ring you back， Bryan， but we think we ___ your number incorrectly.

A. looked up B. took down

C. worked out D. brought about

7. The school bus was ___ by a thick fog.

A. held up B. broken off

C. kept up D. started up

8. In the last ten years， we have experienced more ___ events than ___ period in history.

A. historic； any B. historical； any

C. historic； any other D. historical； any other

9. — I wonder why she was ___ from the typist post.

— Dont you know she ___ to that kind of work？

A. moved； doesnt match B. removed； doesnt match

C. moved； isnt equal D. removed； isnt equal

10. — Im going to master English ___ one month.

— Crazy！ Its said that it usually ___ two or three years to

learn a foreign language.

A. in； costs B. within； takes

C. for； spends D. by； pays

阅读表达（阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。）

A year ago， August， Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife， Gerrie， was still working in the local school cafeteria， but it was hard for Dave to find work， and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at the risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift—$7，000， a legacy （遗产） from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch， who died in an accident.

“It really made a difference when we were meeting difficulty.” says Dave.

But the Fusses werent the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of other families were touched by what the Hatches had done. In some cases， it was a few thousand dollars； in others， it was more than $100，000.

It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money， more than $3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.

Children of the Great Depression， Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving. They preferred comparison shopping and would go from store to store， checking prices before making a new purchase.

Through the years， the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camps when their parents couldnt afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden， “They could see things they could do to make you happier， and they would do them.”

Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches gave away their farmland. It was the Hatches wish that their legacy—a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents—should enrich the whole community and last for generations to come.

Neighbors helping neighbors—that was Ish and Arlene Hatchs story.

1. Whats Dave Fusss previous job？ （within 3 words）

2. Who gave the money to Dave Fuss and his wife ？ （within 2 words）

3. Why did Ish and Arlene have so much money？ （within 8 words）

4. How did Ish and Arlene spend most of their money？ （within 9 words）

5. Why did Ish and Arlene give away their farmland？ （within 10 words）

跟踪导练（四）

阅读理解

Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight.

Once a week， after his day job as medical director of a mental health center， the 40-year-old psychiatrist （精神科医生） heads to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people. Twice a month， he travels three hours to another teenage treatment center.

Last year， 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs， according to the US Labor Department， and that looks set to increase this year.

Many workers like the safety that moonlighting provides， says Carl Hausamn， the writer of “Moonlighting： 148 Great Ways to Make Money to the Side”.

The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 2012 took a second job to meet household expenses or pay off debts. Others save money or buy some special things.

People also take second jobs with an eye to the future—wanting to try out a new field or gain experience.

Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable （不稳定的）. He wanted to make sure he wasnt tied to one system that ended up failing.

Just as the purposes for moonlighting are different， the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups. And they work in a variety of industries—no longer just service， office and sales jobs.

As its name means， moonlighting still occurs mostly at night. And that results in some pressures. Chief among them is time.

Full-time employers could misunderstand， too. Some companies do not allow after-hour work because they fear it will affect their employees 9-to-5 performance.

“The primary employer is saying， ‘Wait， Im paying you for the sharp， fresh， energetic you，” says Tom Gimbel， president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago. “If youre burning yourself at both ends， its going to show.”

Still， the good done to the moonlighters can be great. Besides extra income， moonlighters enjoy variety （多样性）， freedom and chance to do something new. They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time.

Besides， “its fun，” Michel says. Not only do his part-time jobs offer a chance to network， improving his professional skills and make more money， but they also give him the variety he wouldnt find just in a full-time job.

“Its a way of pulling from the spice cabinet （调料箱），” he says， “and offering a little variety throughout the day.”

1. What does the “moonlight” mean？

A. Go out at night.

B. Go out for a walk at night.

C. Do some secret things at night.

D. Take some part-time jobs at night.

2. Why did Fred Michel begin to moonlight？

A. He found it exciting to do a part-time job.

B. He feared he would lose his present job one day.

C. He needed to make ends meet with more money.

D. He felt more and more pressure from his employer.

3. Why dont some companies allow their workers to moonlight？

A. Their workers cannot do extra-hour work for them.

B. Their workers will be too tired to try their best at work.

C. Their workers will one day turn to some other different jobs.

D. Their workers will not get to work and be off work on time.

4. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean？

A. Moonlighting strengthens your professional skills.

B. Moonlighting offers you freedom to make extra money.

C. Moonlighting gets you away from the job you dont enjoy.

D. Moonlighting brings you chances to do something different.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

strike enormous affect crash ridiculous

observe freezing replace suggest remove

1. A（n） ____ gap remains between the developed countries and the developing countries.

2. An airliner ____ west of Denver last night.

3. Dont you think it is a（n） ____ idea to make oil from water？

4. Leave a basin of water outside in ____ weather， and it will be frozen soon.

5. Rubbish has not been ____ for many days. It smells terrible.

6. As a child， he liked to ____ the behaviour of insects.

7. In just a few days its root will ____ deep into earth.

8. He ____ that the meeting be put off till next week.

句子翻译

1. 那位叫约翰逊的哲学家住在英格兰北部的一个小镇上。

2. 尽管爱因斯坦是世界闻名的科学家，他却过着简单的生活。

3. 我的自行车正在修理中。

4. 我们将把野餐推迟到下个星期，到那时，天气可能会更好些。

单项选择

1. Hes feeling rather ___ with himself after the examination.

A. pleasing B. pleased

C. pleasant D. pleasurable

2. — How about the concert last night？

— Well， at least its ___ the one I saw last time with Joan.

A. no worse than B. no better than

C. not as good D. as bad as

3. One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean ___ polluted and ___ safe for swimming.

A. is； is no longer B. are； are no more

C. are； are no longer D. is； is no more

4. American women usually regard their best friend as someone ___ they can talk frequently.

A. who B. with who

C. whom D. with whom

5. The new airport is still ___ construction. It will be ready in about two months.

A. under B. in

C. with D. on

6. The poem， ___ the poet was famous， attracted many people at that time.

A. for that B. as that

C. for which D. as which

7. He came to my class every week， but his attitude ___ he was not really interested in the subject.

A. expressed B. described

C. explained D. suggested

8. Well be shown around the city， school， museum and some other places， ___ other visitors seldom go.

A. which B. what

C. where D. that

9. The shopping center， ___ used to be poorly run， is now a successful business.

A. that B. when

C. which D. where

10. It was not until midnight ___ they reached the campsite.

A. which B. when

C. as D. that

The Development of Robots

机器人的发展

Robots， becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry， where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. They also load and unload hot， heavy metal forms used in machines casting automobile and truck frames.

机器人在所有发达国家的工厂日益普及，人们对它们进行编程和设计，使其在无人情况下执行工业任务。现今，大多数机器人用于汽车工业，人们对其编程，从事如汽车和卡车车身焊接、喷漆之类的工作。它们也用于装卸铸造汽车和卡车框架的机器中炽热、笨重的金属铸模。

Robots， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning to be seen， although to a lesser degree， in other industries as well. There they build electric motors， small appliances， pocket calculators， and even watches. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials， preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. These are the robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this new industry.

机器人已经在汽车行业接任了人类工作，在其他行业也开始看到它们的身影，虽然使用程度低一些。在那里它们制造电动马达、小型设备、袖珍计算器，甚至手表。用于核电站的机器人处理辐射材料，避免工作人员暴露于辐射中。这些机器人可以减少这一新型工业带来的伤害。

What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine？ Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example， a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machine， on the other hand， are not capable of many different uses； they are built to perform only one task.

什么使机器变成机器人而不是其他的自动化机器呢？机器人与自动化机器的区别在于：机器人完成一项特定工作后，它们可以被电脑重新编程去执行另一项任务。比如，一个机器人做了一个月的点焊，可以被重新编程，下个月转向喷漆。相反，自动化机器却没有许多不同用途，它们只是为了完成一项任务而被建造。

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects， will have a sense of touch， and will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to “see”， robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system used electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera， the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15， and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers between is represented by different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will， but only after years of development.

下一代机器人将能看见物体，具有触觉，能做出关键性的决定。精通微电子和电脑技术的工程师正在为机器人开发人造视力，有了“看”的能力，机器人就能从一堆不同的材料中鉴别检查出具体的一类物体。机器人视觉系统采用包含多行感官材料的电子数码相机。当一个物体上的光，如机器零件，照射到相机上时，敏感材料就可测量出光的强度，把光线转换为一组数字。这些数字是灰度系统的一部分，其亮度由一系列数值测量。一个刻度范围是0到15，另一个是0到225。0用黑色表示，最高值用白色，其间的数值用不同的灰色阴影来表示。然后计算机进行计算，并将数字转换为表明该物体形象的图像。现在还不知道有一天机器人是否具有人类一样的好视力。技术人员相信它们会的，只是需要多年的开发。

Engineers are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers， giving robots a sense of touch. Some engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this， the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。一些工程人员正在编写新的程序，使机器人能决定是否抛弃成品中有缺陷的零件。要做到这点，机器人还必须具有鉴别有缺陷零件的能力。

These future robots， assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions， will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants， firemen， housekeepers， and security personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

集触觉、视觉和作决定能力于一体的这些未来机器人将会做大量工作。它们可以用于海底探矿，或探测对人类太危险的深层区域的矿物。它们可以做加油站服务人员、消防人员、房屋管理员和安全人员的工作。任何想了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。

什么使机器变成机器人而不是其他的自动化机器呢？机器人与自动化机器的区别在于：机器人完成一项特定工作后，它们可以被电脑重新编程去执行另一项任务。比如，一个机器人做了一个月的点焊，可以被重新编程，下个月转向喷漆。相反，自动化机器却没有许多不同用途，它们只是为了完成一项任务而被建造。

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects， will have a sense of touch， and will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to “see”， robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system used electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera， the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15， and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers between is represented by different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will， but only after years of development.

下一代机器人将能看见物体，具有触觉，能做出关键性的决定。精通微电子和电脑技术的工程师正在为机器人开发人造视力，有了“看”的能力，机器人就能从一堆不同的材料中鉴别检查出具体的一类物体。机器人视觉系统采用包含多行感官材料的电子数码相机。当一个物体上的光，如机器零件，照射到相机上时，敏感材料就可测量出光的强度，把光线转换为一组数字。这些数字是灰度系统的一部分，其亮度由一系列数值测量。一个刻度范围是0到15，另一个是0到225。0用黑色表示，最高值用白色，其间的数值用不同的灰色阴影来表示。然后计算机进行计算，并将数字转换为表明该物体形象的图像。现在还不知道有一天机器人是否具有人类一样的好视力。技术人员相信它们会的，只是需要多年的开发。

Engineers are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers， giving robots a sense of touch. Some engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this， the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。一些工程人员正在编写新的程序，使机器人能决定是否抛弃成品中有缺陷的零件。要做到这点，机器人还必须具有鉴别有缺陷零件的能力。

These future robots， assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions， will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants， firemen， housekeepers， and security personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

集触觉、视觉和作决定能力于一体的这些未来机器人将会做大量工作。它们可以用于海底探矿，或探测对人类太危险的深层区域的矿物。它们可以做加油站服务人员、消防人员、房屋管理员和安全人员的工作。任何想了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。

什么使机器变成机器人而不是其他的自动化机器呢？机器人与自动化机器的区别在于：机器人完成一项特定工作后，它们可以被电脑重新编程去执行另一项任务。比如，一个机器人做了一个月的点焊，可以被重新编程，下个月转向喷漆。相反，自动化机器却没有许多不同用途，它们只是为了完成一项任务而被建造。

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects， will have a sense of touch， and will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to “see”， robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system used electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera， the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15， and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers between is represented by different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will， but only after years of development.

下一代机器人将能看见物体，具有触觉，能做出关键性的决定。精通微电子和电脑技术的工程师正在为机器人开发人造视力，有了“看”的能力，机器人就能从一堆不同的材料中鉴别检查出具体的一类物体。机器人视觉系统采用包含多行感官材料的电子数码相机。当一个物体上的光，如机器零件，照射到相机上时，敏感材料就可测量出光的强度，把光线转换为一组数字。这些数字是灰度系统的一部分，其亮度由一系列数值测量。一个刻度范围是0到15，另一个是0到225。0用黑色表示，最高值用白色，其间的数值用不同的灰色阴影来表示。然后计算机进行计算，并将数字转换为表明该物体形象的图像。现在还不知道有一天机器人是否具有人类一样的好视力。技术人员相信它们会的，只是需要多年的开发。

Engineers are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers， giving robots a sense of touch. Some engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this， the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。一些工程人员正在编写新的程序，使机器人能决定是否抛弃成品中有缺陷的零件。要做到这点，机器人还必须具有鉴别有缺陷零件的能力。

These future robots， assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions， will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants， firemen， housekeepers， and security personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

集触觉、视觉和作决定能力于一体的这些未来机器人将会做大量工作。它们可以用于海底探矿，或探测对人类太危险的深层区域的矿物。它们可以做加油站服务人员、消防人员、房屋管理员和安全人员的工作。任何想了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。