Fe2+胁迫对西洋参元素吸收及分配的影响

2014-03-15 22:48孙海等
天津农业科学 2014年3期
关键词:吸收营养元素分配

孙海等

摘 要:为了明确

关键词:吸收;分配;营养元素

中图分类号:S567.5+1 文献标识码:A DOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.03.002

铁是植物生长必须的微量元素,在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要的作用,如促进植物光合作用、呼吸作用、参与植物氮代谢,还可以改善原生质的胶体性质、调节植物体的水分状况,促进植物生长和对不良环境的抵抗能力[1-3]。虽然地壳中铁含量很高,但由于受土壤溶液中酸碱度及氧分压的影响,几乎均以难溶于水的Fe3+ 形式存在,特别在石灰性土壤( pH值7.4~8.5) 中,植物常表现出缺铁症状。而在低洼地区或酸性土壤中,Fe2+往往过量积累,使植物受到铁毒胁迫,严重影响产量[4]。在衰老裂变和逆境胁迫下植物细胞通过多种途径产生各种超氧自由基和非自由基类活性氧,这些活性氧过量积累,最终打破植物体抗氧化系统,致使细胞的正常代谢不能进行[5]。此外,在Fe2+胁迫和淹水的双重作用下,植物根系表面易形成铁膜,这种保护膜是植物长期适应自然的一种现象,这种植物保护膜的形成具有双重作用,一是保护膜具有阻止Fe2+对植物的毒害作用[6],同时保护膜的形成会抑制植物养分的吸收,因为铁膜的形成减少了根系吸收养分的容量且固定养分离子[7],这是其有害的一面,但是也有学者认为在保护膜周围存在养分富集区域,这些养分可以在养分缺乏时被活化利用[8-9]。

西洋参(Panax quinquefolium L.)为五加科人参属多年生草本植物,味苦、性凉、归心、肺、肾经,功能以补益为主, 具有补气养阴、清热生津之功效[10-11],原产美国和加拿大,我国从 20世纪80年代开始大面积引种西洋参,经过几十年努力,已发展成继美国、加拿大后世界第三大西洋参生产国和第一大消费国,随着西洋参种植面积的加大,西洋参根部铁膜的形成也日益严重,通过分析发现根部铁膜的形成主要是由于铁在参根周皮层的富集,与土壤中的铁离子和其他金属元素浓度有关[12-13],铁膜形成后影响植物的正常元素代谢。此外金属元素Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn是西洋参正常生长必须且重要的营养元素,但是过量吸收同样会导致毒害作用,甚至通过食物链影响人类的健康。鉴于此,以2年生西洋参苗为研究对象,设置不同浓度Fe2+胁迫处理研究其对西洋参营养元素(Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn)吸收、分配的影响,为西洋参科学种植提供依据。

1 材料和方法

1.1 材 料

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[13] 张亚玉,李晓明,赵曰丰,等.人参西洋参根部铁膜形成的研究[ J].特产研究,1996(3):14-16.

[14] Volker Roemheld, Horst Marschner. Mechanism of iron uptake by peanut plants: Fe(Ⅲ) reduction, chelate splitting, and release of phenolics[J]. Plant Physiology,1983,71(4):949-954.

[15] 蔡妙珍,罗安程,林咸永,等.过量Fe2+胁迫下水稻的养分吸收和分配[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,29(3):305-310.

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[17] 丁宝莲,谈宏鹤,朱素琴.胁迫与植物细胞壁关系研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2001,17(2):87-90.

[9] Taylor G J, Crowder A A. Uptake and accumulation of copper, nickel, and iron by Typha latifolia grown in solution culture[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1983, 61(7): 1 825-1 830.

[10] Yan Wu, Xiangru Lu, Fuli Xiang, et al. North American ginseng protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase[J].Pharmacological research, 2011,64(3):195-202.

[11] Lemmon H R, Sham J, Chau L A, et al. High molecular weight polysaccharides are key immunomodulators in North American ginseng extracts: Characterization of the ginseng genetic signature in primary human immune cells[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012,142(1):1-13.

[12] 曹国军,李志洪,郭士伟,等.红皮病人参周皮层无机元素的相关性[ J].土壤通报,1999,30(3):127-129.

[13] 张亚玉,李晓明,赵曰丰,等.人参西洋参根部铁膜形成的研究[ J].特产研究,1996(3):14-16.

[14] Volker Roemheld, Horst Marschner. Mechanism of iron uptake by peanut plants: Fe(Ⅲ) reduction, chelate splitting, and release of phenolics[J]. Plant Physiology,1983,71(4):949-954.

[15] 蔡妙珍,罗安程,林咸永,等.过量Fe2+胁迫下水稻的养分吸收和分配[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,29(3):305-310.

[16] Moore P A Jr, Attanandana T, Patrick W H Jr. Factors affecting rice growth on acid sulfate soils[J].Soil Science of American Journal,1990,54(6):1 651-1 656.

[17] 丁宝莲,谈宏鹤,朱素琴.胁迫与植物细胞壁关系研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2001,17(2):87-90.

[9] Taylor G J, Crowder A A. Uptake and accumulation of copper, nickel, and iron by Typha latifolia grown in solution culture[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1983, 61(7): 1 825-1 830.

[10] Yan Wu, Xiangru Lu, Fuli Xiang, et al. North American ginseng protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase[J].Pharmacological research, 2011,64(3):195-202.

[11] Lemmon H R, Sham J, Chau L A, et al. High molecular weight polysaccharides are key immunomodulators in North American ginseng extracts: Characterization of the ginseng genetic signature in primary human immune cells[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012,142(1):1-13.

[12] 曹国军,李志洪,郭士伟,等.红皮病人参周皮层无机元素的相关性[ J].土壤通报,1999,30(3):127-129.

[13] 张亚玉,李晓明,赵曰丰,等.人参西洋参根部铁膜形成的研究[ J].特产研究,1996(3):14-16.

[14] Volker Roemheld, Horst Marschner. Mechanism of iron uptake by peanut plants: Fe(Ⅲ) reduction, chelate splitting, and release of phenolics[J]. Plant Physiology,1983,71(4):949-954.

[15] 蔡妙珍,罗安程,林咸永,等.过量Fe2+胁迫下水稻的养分吸收和分配[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,29(3):305-310.

[16] Moore P A Jr, Attanandana T, Patrick W H Jr. Factors affecting rice growth on acid sulfate soils[J].Soil Science of American Journal,1990,54(6):1 651-1 656.

[17] 丁宝莲,谈宏鹤,朱素琴.胁迫与植物细胞壁关系研究进展[J].广西科学院学报,2001,17(2):87-90.

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