中考英语语篇分析
——阅读理解

湖南省邵东县两石镇三中罗君香

中考英语语篇分析
——阅读理解

湖南省邵东县两石镇三中罗君香

通过对最近几年各地中考英语试卷的分析，命题的导向已非常明确，那就是：坚持“突出语篇、强调应用、注重交际”这一出题原则，把测试重点定位到语篇上，且阅读理解在试卷中的占分比例皆在30%以上。因此，做好阅读理解题是考试获得好成绩的关键之所在。语篇题材形式多种多样，内容丰富多彩。其特点是时代气息浓，贴近学生生活和学习，可读性强，理解难度较高。但不管怎样变化，怎样复杂，都离不开语篇内容的载体——体裁形式。因此，掌握语篇体裁形式的特点对理清语篇的脉络结构、读懂和透彻理解语篇的意思、做好阅读理解题起着至关重要的作用。

目前英语考试语篇的体裁形式主要有以下四种：记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文（信函、请柬、通知、便条、表格、图表、广告、图示和标志等）。

记叙文

记叙文的特点是依据时间、地点、人物、事件发展变化为主线来记人、叙事、写景、状物的一种文体。阅读时主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的发展进程、结果，以及人物之间的关系和在该时间发展进程中的表现等，从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特征、故事发展进程和结果等。下面以2012年武汉市中考英语阅读理解A篇为例进行分析：

阅读下列材料，从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.

A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watched them a moment and found the wife doing all the talk.I admired the husband’s patience for putting up with her continuous talk. Distracted by their noise,I moved on.

I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heard her constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.

I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.

“He’s a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,“Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promisethat his life wouldn’t change.So,as before,he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”

“But what dose he get out of the art?”I asked,“He can’t see.”

“Can’t see?You’re wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”

I learned something about patience, courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.

()56.The young couple were at an art museum_______.

A.to show their love

B.to appreciate art

C.to discuss paintings

D.to describe paintings

()57.“...I moved away quickly.”in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer _______.

A.was in the hope of visiting more rooms

B.was in a hurry to buy some gifts

C.was tired of the nonstop talking

D.was not interested in the art show

()58.We can infer from the passage that the husband_______.

A.was not born blind

B.couldn’t stand his wife

C.knew nothing about art

D.completely depended on his wife

()59.After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was_______.

()60.The passage is mainly about _______.

A.the importance of art

B.good manners in public

C.patience of a husband

D.love between a couple

【解析】略看此文，我们很容易读出这是一篇典型的记叙文。根据记叙文的特点，我们不难理清其脉络结构和读懂该文的意思：时间：one afternoon；地点：an art museum；人物：I, a young couple,the clerk；事件的发展进程、结果，以及人物之间的关系和在该时间发展进程中的表现：toured an art museum—found a young couple—distracted by the wife’s nonstop talk,I moved on(admired the husband’s patience for putting up with her continuous talk)—met with them again—saw the man tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket—heard the clerk told the story about the man—learned something about patience,courage and love...。这样，我们就很容易得出该阅读理解题的答案为BCACD。

议论文

议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论。下面以2012年长沙市中考英语阅读理解题第二节为例进行分析：

阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中。选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。

Have you felt annoyed when a cellphone rings during the class?Something must be done to stop this.Now in New York City,USA,a rule is carried out in schools.Students can’t even bring cellphones to school.Is it a good thing or not？

Anxious parents say that cellphones are an important(工具)in holding New York City’sfamilies together.

“Iworryaboutit,”saidElizabeth Lorris Ritter,a mother of a middle school kid.“It’s necessary in our everyday life. We have a washing machine.We have running water,and we have cellphones.”

Many American parents think cellphones connect them to their children on buses,getting out from subways,walking through unknown places.

“I have her call me when she gets out of school,”said Lindsay Walt,a schoolgirl’s mother.“No one in New York is going to let their child go to school without a cellphone.”

“I feel so empty,”said May Chom,14 years old.“There is also no way to listen to music on the way to school without my phone. It will be a really,really boring trip.”

()46.You will get_______when you hear a cellphone ring in class.

()47.You can use a cellphone_______.

A.to enjoy listening to music

B.to work as running water

C.to work as a washing machine

()48.Which of the following statements is TRUE？

A.Many American parents don’t think cellphones are necessary for the students.

B.Cellphones only bring troubles to the school life.

选择该院收治的106例糖尿病骨科手术患者为研究对象，随机分为两组，每组53例。观察组年龄40～79岁，平均（59.3±10.4）岁，其中 21 例为女性、32 例为男性，骨科类型：15例为股骨头颈部骨折、5例为胫腓骨骨折、20例为肱骨骨折、13例为踝关节骨折；对照组年龄42～80 岁，平均（59.5±10.6）岁，其中 23 例为女性、30 例为男性，骨科类型：13例为股骨头颈部骨折、4例为胫腓骨骨折、22例为肱骨骨折、14例为踝关节骨折。两组的骨折类型、年龄等基线资料差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

C.Cellphones connect children with their families when they are outside.

()49.What does the undedined word“essential”mean in Chinese？

()50.This article is about the_______in carrying out the rule not to use a cellphone in school.

【解析】该文论点为：Students can’t even bring cellphones to school.Is it a good thing or not?文章通过Anxious parents;Elizabeth Lorris Ritter,a mother of a middle school kid;many American parents;Lindsay Walt,a schoolgirl’s mother;the cellphone owners,the students以及May Chom等人的观点从不同的方面来论证Students can’t even bring cellphones to school.Is it a good thing or not?脉络结构理清了，其意思也就明白了，该题的答案也就出来了：BACBC。

应用文

应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。下面以2012年江苏省南京市中考英语阅读理解A篇为例进行分析：

阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，。

()26.How many athletes will probably take part in the London 2012 Olympic Games?

()27.Which is the choice for Li Hua if he has an eight-day holiday to watch the opening ceremony the London 2012 Olympic Games in Olympic Stadium?

A.From 17 July to 24 July.

B.From 25 July to 1 August.

C.From 2 August to 9 August.

D.From 9 August to 16 August.

【解析】上文是对the London 2012 Olympic Games所做的宣传广告。根据题目要求，考生只要有针对性的去抓住文章信息，答案就直接跃入眼中了：DC。

说明文

说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文体。它是对客观事物的形状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学的说明。它既不像记叙文那样重在记叙、描写和抒情，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张，批驳谬论。说明文通过说明客观事物，使人对被说明的事物有所了解，从而增长知识和技能。下面以2012年江苏省南京市中考英语阅读理解B篇为例进行分析：

Two words rhyme with each other when they have the same ending sound,like“think”“pink”.The last word in each of the lines of a poem does not have to have a rhyming sound,many of them do.Two lines of poetry that rhyme with each other at the end are called rhyming couplet.

Writing rhyming poetry can be difficult because you need to choose words that not only rhyme but have meaning,too.Even though some poems are short,you have to think extra long about which words to choose. Here is an example of a short poem:

He was only a bug,but he was the king.

She smiled at him when he gave her a ring.

He forgot to be careful of one little thing.

His queen was a bee,and she could sting.

()28.What does it mean when two words rhyme?

A.They have the same ending sound.

B.They have different ending sounds.

C.They must have the same meaning.

D.They must have different meanings.

()29.Which of the following rhyme with each other in the short poem?

A.Ring and thing.

B.Bud and king.

C.Queen and king.

D.Bee and sting.

()30.Rhyming poetry is sometimes hard to write because you need to choose _______.

A.rhyming words without meaning

B.rhyming words with meaning

C.short lines with extra long words

D.meaningful words without rhyming

【解析】该文对rhyming poetry与how to write rhyming poetry进行了说明，从而使读者/考生对于英文诗歌的押韵和创作押韵英语诗歌应该注意的事项有初略的了解。根据题目要求，考生只需顺着文意，就能很容易找到答案：AAB。