膝骨关节炎患者血清和关节液中MMP—13和TNF—α水平的变化意义

2017-07-05 00:47王磊董红孔继昌
中国医药导报 2017年15期
关键词:细胞因子关节意义

王磊 董红 孔继昌

[摘要] 目的 探討膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者血清、关节液中基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平变化情况。 方法 选择2014年5月~2016年5月承德市中医院诊治的84例KOA患者及80例同期健康体检者(对照组),依据膝关节X线的Kellgren & Lawrence(K-L)分级,分为KOA 1~2级(n = 45)与KOA3~4级(n = 39)。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测其血清、关节液中TNF-α、MMP-13的含量。结果 KOA患者中,KOA3~4级患者较KOA1~2级的WOMAC评分增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。KOA3~4级患者的血清、关节液TNF-α、MMP-13水平较对照组、KOA1~2级患者均升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);KOA1~2级患者的血清、关节液MMP-13水平较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),而血清、关节液TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。KOA患者的关节液MMP-13水平较血清水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),而TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。相关性分析结果显示:KOA1~2级及KOA3~4级患者,血清、关节液TNF-α水平与WOMAC评分无关(P > 0.05),而血清、关节液MMP-13水平与WOMAC评分均呈正相关(r = 0.599、0.641,P < 0.05)。 结论 KOA血清、关节液TNF-α、MMP-13水平增高,且血清、关节液MMP-13水平与WOMAC评分呈正相关。

[关键词] 膝骨关节炎;肿瘤坏死因子-α;基质金属蛋白酶-13;细胞因子

[中图分类号] R684.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)05(c)-0098-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the changes of matrix metalloproteinases 13 (MMP-13), TNF-α in serums and synovial fluids of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods From May 2014 to May 2016, in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals of Chengde, 84 patients with KOA and 80 healthy persons (control group) were selected, according to Kellgren & Lawrence (K-L) grading, they were divided into KOA 1~2 (n = 45) and KOA 3~4 (n = 39). the levels of TNF-α, MMP-13 in the serums and synovial fluids were measures by ELISA. Results The WOMAC score of KOA 3~4 patients was higher than KOA1~2 patients, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the levels of TNF-α, MMP-13 in serum and synovial fluid of KOA 3~4 patients were higher than KOA 1~2 patients, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). the level of MMP-13 in serum and synovial fluid of KOA 1~2 patients were higher than control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the TNF-α levels (P > 0.05). The level of MMP-13 in serum of KOA patients was higher than synovial fluid, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in TNF-α levels (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the serum and synovial fluid levels of MMP-13 in KOA patients were positively correlated with WOMAC score (r = 0.599, 0.641, P < 0.05), but the serum and synovial fluid levels of TNF-α in KOA patients were no correlated with WOMAC score (P > 0.05). Conclusion The serum and synovial fluids levels of TNF-α and MMP-13 elevate in KOA patients, and then MMP-13 levels show correlation with WOMAC scores.

[Key words] Knee osteoarthritis; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Matrix metalloproteinases-13; Cytokines

膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)是一种关节软骨下骨、滑膜以及关节周边局部致密骨岛损伤的关节疾病[1-2]。外力致关节稳定性降低及异常胫股运动造成关节软骨负荷增大,引发关节组织产生局部或者系统性炎性反应,最终导致关节软骨退性病变[3]。研究表明炎性因子如白介素-1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)水平异常变化在KOA进程中起着重要作用[4-5]。TNF-α是由M1型巨噬细胞分泌的,对IL-1和细菌毒素积极响应的细胞因子[6]。而MMPs是由巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞及软骨细胞通过白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)与TNF-α的刺激效应产生的。随着关节软骨机械应力的增加,TNF-α、IL-1β、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)激活MMPs,引发炎症[7-10]。目前鲜有报道膝骨关节炎患者血清、关节液MMP-13、TNF-α水平变化及其与西安大略和麦克马斯特大学关节炎指数(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index,WOMAC)相关性的研究,为此,本研究将对其展开研究。现报道如下:

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择2014年5月~2016年5月承德市中医院诊治的84例KOA患者及80例同期健康体检者。KOA的诊断标准符合2010年美国风湿病学会(ACR)/欧洲抗风湿联盟(EULAR)制定的KOA诊断标准[11]。所有KOA患者依据膝关节X线的Kellgren & Lawrence(K-L)分级[12]。其中,KOA 1~2级患者45例:男24例,女21例,平均年龄为(51.14±11.65)岁;KOA3~4级患者39例:男21例,女18例,平均年龄为(52.37±13.56)岁。80例健康体检者(对照组)中,男42例,女38例,平均年龄为(52.16±12.17)岁。排除近期曾接受口服或者关节注射药物治疗者;罹患自身免疫性疾病、代谢综合征等合并有其他系统严重疾病患者;恶性肿瘤患者。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准,所有受试者和/或家属均知情同意并签署知情同意书。

1.2方法

1.2.1 实验用主要仪器、试剂 RT-2100C型酶标仪(Rayto公司);洗板机(Rayto公司);纯水仪(Millipore公司);X-15R型台式高速离心机(美国贝克曼特公司);人基质金属蛋白酶-13 ELISA试剂盒(美国Abeam公司);TNF-αELISA试剂盒(中国Cusabio公司)。

1.2.2 标本的收集 清晨空腹抽取受试对象肘部静脉血液5 mL,离心(3000 r/min)15 min,吸取上清,-20℃保存备用。同时,所有受试对象实施關节穿刺采集关节液2 mL,离心(3000 r/min)15 min,吸取上清,-20℃保存备用。

1.2.3 ELISA检测血清、关节液中MMP-13、TNF-α水平 所有实验均严格按照ELISA试剂盒说明书进行操作。分别将己知浓度的标准品、未知浓度的样品加入事先包被有直接抗特异抗原的单克隆抗体的微孔酶标板,随后加入含有辣根过氧化物酶的抗体的酶联物后一起孵育。加入底物A、B,再次避光孵育,加入终止液,使用酶标分析仪在450 nm波长处测OD值,绘制标准曲线。

1.3 统计学方法

采用统计软件SPSS 17.0对数据进行分析,正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;多组间比较采用方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验或Mann-Whitney检验。计数资料以率表示,采用χ2检验。Pearson积差相关用于相关性分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般临床资料

KOA患者,KOA3~4级患者较KOA1~2级患者的WOMAC评分增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。KOA3~4级患者较KOA1~2级患者与对照组比较,性别、年龄及BMI指数差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表1。

2.2 各组血清、关节液TNF-α、MMP-13水平变化情况

KOA 3~4级患者的血清、关节液TNF-α、MMP-13水平较对照组、KOA1~2级患者均升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);KOA1~2级患者的血清、关节液MMP-13水平较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),而血清、关节液TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。KOA患者的关节液MMP-13水平较血清水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),而TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表2。

2.3 KOA患者的血清、关节液TNF-α、MMP-13水平与WOMAC评分的相关性

相关性分析结果显示: KOA1~2级及KOA3~4级患者的血清TNF-α水平与WOMAC评分不相关(P > 0.05),而关节液MMP-13水平与WOMAC评分呈正相关(r = 0.599、0.641,P < 0.05)。见表3。

3 讨论

研究已证实,KOA病程中发生的骨关节内部结构变化是由于外界机械因素和生化途径共同引起的[13]。近期,来源于滑膜和关节软骨的几个特殊的介质如MMP-13、IL-1β和TNF-α等已经被证实参与OA的发病进程[14]。本研究显示,随着疾病进程,KOA组血清、关节液的TNF-α、MMP-13水平均较对照组增高,且关节液水平较血清均增高,但只有MMP-13水平差异有统计学意义,这可能是由于TNF-α单独刺激软骨细胞分泌MMP-13是不够的,可能需要多种细胞因子如IL-1和IFN-γ协同刺激才能促进MMP-13的产生[15]。同时,提示这些滑膜软骨细胞衍生的细胞因子水平在疾病的不同阶段有所不同,且局部及系统性炎症同时参与KOA疾病进程。一项对10例早期和15例晚期KOA患者进行的一项研究显示,疾病的早期和晚期表现出不同程度的炎症水平[16]。特别是在晚期阶段,由于CD4+ T细胞的浸润,使得促炎细胞因子如TNF-α和IL-1β高度表达。同样地,动物实验也揭示膝骨关节炎模型中血清及关节液TNF-α与MMP-13水平增高[17]。研究显示,在动物晚期OA模型中,MMPs在炎症进程、关节损伤中具有重要作用[18]。若针对关节的抗炎细胞因子治疗可能对于KOA早期具有效果,同时适当地增加抗系统性炎症药物用于晚期OA疾病的治疗,效果更佳。Rutgers等[19]认为,采用向关节内注射抗炎细胞因子成分制剂抑制TNF-α,有利于软骨细胞的代谢。

本研究表明,隨着KOA疾病进程,WOMAC评分越高,且KOA疾病进程越深,KOA患者的血清、关节液MMP-13水平与WOMAC评分具有中等程度的正相关(P < 0.05)。这可能与MMP-13作为一个通过分泌软骨细胞TNF-α刺激巨噬细胞和T细胞产生的,主要的肽链内切酶参与OA进程的生化机制相关[20]。这提示晚期KOA进程中存在持续的局部及系统性炎症。而TNF-α水平虽然在晚期KOA患者的血清、关节液中有所增高,但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),且与WOMAC评分不具有相关性(P > 0.05),提示这些前炎性细胞因子在KOA早期阶段水平上升,可能与本研究所选样本量偏少有关。

综上所述,随着KOA疾病进程,关节液MMP-13与血清TNF-α水平增加。不同于TNF-α,血清、关节液MMP-13水平与WOMAC评分呈现中等程度正相关(P < 0.05)。局限于样本量来源,下一步将扩大样本量深入研究其他前炎性细胞因子与MMPs介质对KOA疾病进程的影响,为KOA的诊断及治疗提供基础。

[参考文献]

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(收稿日期:2017-01-27 本文編辑:苏 畅)

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