正常固结原状饱和黏性土的三剪统一结构性本构模型

2018-07-11 09:50董肖龙胡小荣陈晓宇
土木建筑与环境工程 2018年3期

董肖龙 胡小荣 陈晓宇

摘要:

基于扰动状态概念,采用非线性弹性本构模型来表征原状黏性土的相对完整状态,将三剪统一强度准则与修正剑桥模型相结合来表征原状黏性土的完全调整状态,提出了饱和原状黏性土结构性本构模型。通过坐标平移法确定的破坏应力比使所提出模型能够反映全应力状态变化下的强度区间效应和拉压差,也能够描述黏聚力在土体受力过程中的作用。为验证所提出模型的正确性,以江西原状饱和红黏土为试验土样,做了排水和不排水条件下的常规三轴压缩试验,将模型计算结果与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,所提模型能够较好地反映江西原状饱和红黏土的力学和变形特性。

关键词:原状饱和黏性土;扰动状态;强度准则;修正剑桥模型

中图分类号:TU432

文献标志码:A文章编号:16744764(2018)03008608

Abstract:

The tripleshear unified structured constitutive model is proposed for the undisturbed saturated clay in normal consolidation based on the disturbed state concept, in which the relative intact state is characterized by the nonlinear elastic model, and the fully adjusted state is characterized by the elastoplastic model built with the combination of the tripleshear unified failure criterion and the modified Camclay model in the critical state soil mechanics. The coordinate translation is presented to describe the influences of the cohesion on the soil mechanical properties better. The proposed model can overcome the shortcomings of the modified camclay model with the definite failure stress ratio without considering the soil cohesion, which can't reflect the practical differences of strength properties under different stress states and soil cohesion. The advantage is that the new model could show the practical effects under the different stress states acting on the saturated structured clay with different cohesion better. It is shown that it can describe the effects of intermediate principal stress, rang changes of stress and difference between tension and compression. In order to verify the model proposed here, comparisons between the numerical simulations and experimental results under conventional triaxial compression to the Jiangxi undisturbed lateritic clay was made ,which results show that the proposed model could reflect the mechanical and deformation characteristics of the Jiangxi undisturbed lateritic clay well.

Keywords:

undisturbed saturated clay; disturbed state; unified failure criterion; modified Camclay model

针对结构性对原状土力学和变形特性的重要影响,许多研究者采用不同方法提出了各具特色的本构模型[18]。其中,基于扰动状态概念研究方法以其原理简单、土性参数易于获得等优点受到研究者的青睐[48],而该方法的关键在于如何表征土的完全调整状态[3]。通常,土体完全调整状态采用重塑土的本构模型来表征,如修正剑桥模型等[4,6,8]。但是,修正剑桥模型中的土体破坏应力比为定值,不能反映全应力状态和黏聚力对土体应力应变的影响。针对上述问题,本文将三剪统一强度准则[910]与修正剑桥模型相结合,建立一个新模型以表征结构性土体的完全调整状态。其中,黏聚力对土体受力过程的影响通过坐标平移法来实现。在此基础上,本文根据扰动状态理论,以非线性弹性模型来表征土体的相对完整状态,以新模型来表征土体的完全调整状态,提出饱和黏性土的结构性本构模型。该模型可以描述全应力状态变化下的强度区间效应和拉压差[11],也可以反映黏聚力在受力過程中对土体力学和变形特性的影响。为验证所提出模型的正确性,用江西原状饱和红黏土为试验用土,做了排水和不排水条件下的常规三轴压缩试验,将模型计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性。

2.2土的相对完整状态

相对完整状态下结构性黏土没有被扰动,根据扰动理论概念,相对完整状态可以取弹性、塑性或弹塑性模型来描述,甚至可以把土看作刚体[34]。考虑参数获取的简便,选取弹性模型来描述土样的相对完整状态,土体弹性增量矩阵的关系式为

3原状饱和黏性土结构性本构模型的

试验验证

3.1土性参数的测定

取用江西原状饱和土为试验土样,通过室内基本土工试验获得土粒比重Gs、初始孔隙比e0等土性参数通过等向固结试验获取原状土的压缩指数λi和回弹指数κi,重塑土的压缩指数λc和回弹指数κc。通过排水和不排水条件下常规三轴压缩试验获取原状土的Av、Zv、Ad和Zd,获取重塑土的有效黏聚力c′、内摩擦角φ′、泊松比μ。所得土性参数如表1所示。

3.2常规三轴试验验证

为了验证模型的正确性,将本文所提出模型的计算结果与江西饱和原状红黏土在排水和不排水条件下的常规三轴压缩试验结果以及等量代换法[12]计算结果进行了比较。

3.2.1排水条件下排水条件下常规三轴压缩试验结果与数值模拟结果对比如图6、图7所示。

由图7可知,加载初期土的体应变随轴应变的增加逐渐增大,但是,增长切线的斜率逐渐减小并最终趋近于0,围压越大体应变也越大;坐标平移法的结果更接近试验结果。

3.2.2不排水条件下不排水条件下常规三轴压缩试验结果与数值模拟结果对比如图8、图9所示。

由图8可知,土的剪应力随着轴向应变的增加逐渐增大,但是,增长切线的斜率逐渐减小,围压越大剪应力也越大;坐标平移法的结果与试验和等量代换法结果具有一致性。

由图9可知,土的偏应力随着剪应变的增加逐渐增大,并且,增长切线的斜率逐渐减小;坐标平移法的结果与试验和等量代换法結果具有一致性。

4结论

1)基于扰动状态概念,以正常固结饱和黏性土体为研究对象,采用非线性弹性本构模型表征土的相对完整状态,将三剪统一强度准则与修正剑桥模型相结合用于表征土的完全调整状态,建立饱和黏性土结构性本构模型。

2)通过坐标平移法得到土的破坏应力比,使所提模型能够反映黏聚力对土体力学和变形特性的影响,同时,也能够描述全应力状态变化下的应力区间效应和拉压差。

3)对江西原状饱和红黏土作了排水和不排水条件下的常规三轴压缩试验,对比了模型计算结果与试验结果和已有研究资料,证明了饱和黏性土结构性本构模型在描述江西原状饱和红黏土力学和变形特性时的正确性。

4)坐标平移法在描述土的变形和孔隙水压力方面与等量代换法相比各有优势,但是二者计算结果很接近。

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(编辑王秀玲)