词汇复现和同现秒解完形填空题

董耀忠

一、语篇中的词汇复现

在完形填空题中，词汇的复现取决于语法规则和词汇的语义特征。这种复现是指在同一话题和同一语义场下各个词之间存在的语义的亲疏关系，即相同、相近、相似、相反、相对和相属等。对完形填空题，考生可利用词汇复现，有效推敲并快速选择最佳答案。

1.原词复现

例1 That night，thetwoofthem_36_（sat）sidebyside at the piano. They played jazz music to celebratetheir new home. The loud _37 filled the room and madethem feel very happy...

The next moming， however， their happiness disap-peared. Someone had left a 39 under their door duringthe night. One of their neighbor had written to complain（抱怨）about the sound of the piano. Dario's motherasked the building superintendent（管理员）if he knewanything about it...

One woman，Mrs. Gilbert，presented Dario'smother with a book of piano music by Chopin...

...She said “...So I wrote a short note.I hope youdon't think I disliked the playing.”

37.A.voice

B.ring C.music

D.cry

39.A.note

B.poster C.bill

D.report

解析：答案分別为C和A。这两道题表面上看是名词词义辨析，实际上均是原词复现题。初步分析，备选项的词性均符合文章结构需要，大意也都能适用于此，但多数偏离了文章主旨话题。37空是前文jazz muslc的复现，文章前后跨度较小；39空是后文中a short note的复现，文章前后跨度较大，选择有一定难度。

2.同（近）义词复现

例2 I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to myparents.I told them I was 26 （giving up） and comingback home.I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.I 27 （would rather） be in prison！ My father answeredmy 28 with just two lines-two lines that will alwayssingin my 29 （memory）-two lines that completelychanged mylife.

28.A.request

B.call

C.question D.letter

解析：答案为D。表面上看是名词词义辨析，实际上是同义词的复现。从局部来看request，question，call，均可与answer搭配，但前文中wrote to my par-ents限定了答案只能为letter才能对应。

3.反义词复现

例3 I passed by a girl who _38

her books out ofher locker. Thinking like most that someone else wouldhelp her pick them up，I continued my way. However，whenlhad to 39 （go back） because I stupidly forgot mybook，I noticed she had just finished packing them up byherself. No one had stopped to_40_ （help） her.

38.A.took B.dropped C.got D.pulled

解析：答案为B。表面上看是动词词义辨析，且均为过去式，符合句子结构需要。但是，对前后句意稍加理解可知，答案应为pick up的反义词，并且复现了几次。

4.上（下）义词复现

例4 About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of_20_，like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes，around the area……

20.A.material

B.resources

C.waste

D.goods

解析：答案为C。此题不是表面上的名词词义辨析。实际上，toilet paper，beer cans，empty boxes是waste的下义词。waste在此处为“废品”之意。

5.概括词复现

例5 Once fire anf emergency people arrive，Larry and the other man 56 （backed off） and let themgo to work. Then，Larry asked the 57 if he was neededor 58 （free） to go. They let him and the other man go.

57.A.woman

B.police

C.man

D.driver

解析：答案为B。此题并非对四个名词词义的辨析，撇开词义，四个备选项均符合句子语法结构需要。实际上，从fire and emergency people处可知答案，police是fire and emergency people的概括词。

6.代词复现

例6 I then _32 （realized）l had no right to placemyselfabove 33 just because he was busking...

33.A.it B.all C.him D.them

解析：答案为C。此题明显是对代词替代问题的考查，基于前后句意，答案him是对从句中he的替代。

二、语篇中的词汇同现

在完形填空题中，词汇的同现指的是话题、意义、逻辑关系和表达结构上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链。利用这种词汇同现现象，也不失为确定完形填空题

答案的一种有效途径。

1.话题相关词汇同现

例7 I know that discs were veryexpensive and I really didn't have a lot of30 to get started...

30.A.money

B.time

C.energy

D.knowledge

解析：答案为A。很明显，备选项中能够和ex-pensive形成同一个语义场的选项是money，即money與expensive虽不是同词性的词，但是为同一话题相关词汇的同现。

2.意义相关词汇同现

例8 Satisfied that I'd done a good job，I wouldhappily retum the comb to Dad. He would 30 affec-tionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.

30.A.stare

B.smile

C.shout

D.laugh

解析：答案为B。表面上看是考查动词词义辨析——share（分享），smile（微笑），shout（叫喊），laugh（笑），实际上是考查对语境的理解和把控。上文介绍作者将梳子清洗干净后，会高兴地（happily）将梳子还给爸爸，爸爸当然会微笑（smile）了。laugh在语义上虽然相关，但表达效果不如smile。

3.结构同现

例9 Whenl handed him the gift card，saying hecould use it for 54_his family might need ，he burst intotears...

54.A.whoever

B.whatever

C. whichever

D.whenever

解析：答案为B。分析句子结构可知，介词for后面为宾语从句，his family might need中缺少动词need的宾语，按语法规则就应用连接词what或whatever。

4.同义同现

例10 The world is full of _46stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument to some-one's 47 （passing） interest...

46.A.well-organized

B.colorfully-printed

C.newly-collected

D.half-filled

解析：答案为D。表面上看备选项均为合成的分词形容词，故选择任务仅落在语义上。and为并列结构的连接词，unfinished为half-filled的同义同现词。

5.逻辑同现

例11 My hands started to ache as I 51 （tumed）the heavy metal wheels.I came to know that controllingthe 52 （direction） of the wheelchair was not going to bea（an） 53 task.

53.A.easy

B.heavy

C.major

D.extra

解析：答案为A。上句提到，拨动沉重的金属轮子的时候，作者的手开始痛。既然轮子重，手又痛，可推断拨动轮子并控制轮椅的方向不是一件容易（easy）的事情。heavy（繁重的），major（主要的），ex-tra（额外的）均与easy语意方向不一致，也不符合前后逻辑。