笔记本里的月山春晚记忆

2018-12-13 04:49黄慧仙鲍珍玲
文化交流 2018年12期
关键词:庆元县山村笔记本

黄慧仙?鲍珍玲

寻访手记:沧海桑田,物转星移。一本来自月山春晚初期的纪念笔记本,承载着这台晚会厚重的历史,也见证着改革开放40年的光阴故事。

于月山春晚本身而言,从点着煤油灯的土屋到灯光明亮的文化礼堂,从红色歌曲到流行曲调,从浙南一方山村到遍晓全国,40年时光,它跟随改革开放的脚步,愈唱愈响亮。其浸润的,既是月山村民对文艺演出的热爱,更是国人数十年来对文化的渴求。文化小康的路上,月山春晚正闪烁着璀璨而持久的光亮。

在慶元县月山村村民李方德的抽屉里,有一本锁了8年的硬壳笔记本。但李方德,却并不是它的主人。

本子的扉页上,是两行蓝色圆珠笔字:“吴友贤同志,春节文艺活动纪念”,并盖有“浙江庆元逢源文化艺术协会”字样的章。

笔记本的主人吴友贤已过世8年。多年前的一个春节,时年20岁的他因参加村里举办的春节文艺活动得到了这件纪念品。几十年光阴,从青葱少年到霜鬓老者,吴友贤一直保存着这本笔记本,未曾在纸页上着过一字,直至2010年去世。同村好友李方德发现了这件特别的“古董”后,收藏了下来。

这场春节文艺活动,正是如今月山春晚的雏形。

小山村孕育百姓的春晚

《庆元县志》载,庆元“深僻幽阻,舟车不至,名人游历足迹之所不至。”月山村地处庆元县东部山区,仅有600多户人家,距离县城53公里,与省会杭州则相距400余公里,海拔820米,交通十分不便。

月山村后有一片毛竹林,形如半月,村前举溪奔流环绕,形成山环水抱之势。“半月烟居半月山,松篁荫翳抱东环”,月山之名便由此而来。

历史上,月山村又有过金乡、东庄、举溪、举水的别名。吴友贤笔记本上所盖章上提到的“逢源”之名,正是新中国成立前月山村所在地的旧名——逢源镇。

过去“逢源镇”上的春节晚会情状,如今我们多已无从知晓。有据可考的故事,要从1981年的春节讲起。

那一年的大年初一,走亲访友、年节饮食之外,村民吴绍利等一些有才艺的村民聚在一起,敲起锣鼓,拉响弦琴,唱起民歌,冬日里的小山村顿时热闹起来。彼时还有不少节目均是取材于村民的日常生活。一台《农活秀》节目,便将他们日常生产生活中编草鞋、打稻谷、犁秧田等充满乡村气息的场景悉数搬上了舞台。

在物质相对匮乏的年代,点滴的文化之泉也能成为村民们心头最渴求的甘霖。听闻有这样的文艺表演,全村人都纷纷搬出桌椅板凳,在村委会前的空地上围出了一方简易舞台……这场几乎是兴之所至的自娱自乐式演出,当年在村中意外地走红,收获了一大票粉丝。于是,这样的春节表演形式便一直延续了下来。而它,便成了月山春晚的一个标志性起点。

“上世纪80年代初的月山村,家家户户还点着煤油灯,土屋里即使是白天光线也并不好。但大家对春晚的期待却从未因此被冲淡。”现年65岁的村民吴美妫如今是月山春晚的总导演。那时候的她还是村里的一个裁缝师傅,与从事木匠活的丈夫共同养育着4个孩子,即使生活忙碌,但热爱文艺的她多年来一直参与着月山春晚。在她的记忆里,当时为了让表演获得更好的采光,村民们甚至还特意将表演时间安排在了大年初一的下午。

光景飞驰。此后数十载,春晚从最初的村民家中演到公路边、操场上、会堂里,直至走出了山村……村里的每个人都可以是这个舞台上的演员;晚会的节目内容也在不断充实创新,村人对于春晚的坚持成了一种仪式性的存在,也成为春节时这片山村最亮丽的风景。

数十年延续源于代代传承

“溪水清清溪水长,溪水两岸好呀么好风光……”当吴美妫清亮的歌声在举溪畔响起时,光阴的流逝都显得温柔起来。这首在上世纪五六十年代红极一时的《采茶舞曲》,几乎伴随了吴美妫数十年的春晚记忆。

1991年,庆元县实现了村村通电。月山春晚进了村里的大会堂,不仅演出的灯光亮了起来,音箱、话筒等新设备也为春晚演出完美“助攻”。同时,春晚的节目内容也愈加充实。除了《采茶舞曲》,当时流行的“迪斯科”“太空步”也登上了月山春晚的舞台。

对于吴美妫大女儿吴玉燕来说,最令她印象深刻的节目变化却是那档春晚舞台“常驻”节目《农活秀》。“在农民劳动的情景里,我们举着廊桥、香菇的模型上台走秀。”吴玉燕说。

其实,这样的节目设计并非凭空想象。当时,随着改革开放的推进,庆元一带的香菇和茶叶生意兴盛起来,庆元县相继举办了中国香菇节等多场大型活动。这些正发生于生活中的元素,自然而然地被月山村村民们放入了春晚内容之中。

而穿过当年月山村里香菇和茶叶的香气,刚刚步入21世纪不久的月山春晚又迎来一次新的转折。2004年,刚从北大进修班毕业归来的“山妞”吴艳霞,阅尽山外风光后,愈加想把月山春晚的故事讲给更多人听。在她的努力下,延续了20多年的月山春晚开始受到媒体关注,此后各级媒体对于月山春晚的报道更是络绎不绝。2010年,月山春晚获得国家文化部颁发的最高文艺大奖“群星奖”。月山春晚逐渐走出庆元、走出丽水,走向全省各地。这台原本隐匿于乡间的晚会逐渐成为中国著名的“乡村春晚”。

2013年起,浙江开始打造新时期农民群众的精神家园,一座座文化礼堂在浙江广袤的田野上悄然涌现,月山村的大会堂正是在那一年建设成为村里的文化礼堂。月山春晚的演出场地也因此有了更正式的名号。

走进月山村文化礼堂,眼前2米多高的舞台,拖地的红色幕布,十几排呈坡度的棕黄色座椅,顿时让人有了对上世纪90年代小镇影院的追忆。这样“复古”风格的厅堂布局在浙江已经少见,它们不知不觉间已渐渐消失在我们记忆的深处;但月山村却将这份珍贵回忆近乎完整地保留了下来,正如它对春晚的执着坚守一样。

从简陋的美工布景到如今声、光、电、影的华美舞台,从当年观众们朴素的服装到如今的时尚着装,还有那些曾经年轻的面孔……

恒久不變,唯有传承。

今年71岁的吴吉祥是月山春晚舞台上的“新人”。他的父亲吴达荣曾是月山春晚舞台上年纪最大的演员,100岁时仍在登台演出。去年吴达荣在101岁上谢世,吴吉祥便正式接过了父亲的接力棒,穿着父亲无数次登台演出时穿过的蓝色长衫,开始表演《农活秀》。

吴美妫说,吴达荣演了十多年的《农活秀》,更唱了许多年的《东方红》,最后一次登台时,吴达荣特地叮嘱说,如果自己演不动了,他空出来的角色就让他的儿子来演。“第一次上台很害羞的,幸好打草鞋是我从十几岁起就会的,一直打到二十多岁,所以演了一会儿就不怕了。”回忆首次上台的情景,吴吉祥说。

此心安处是吾乡

慕名而来月山旅游的客人一年比一年多,于是月山人的春晚从一场增加到了两场。腊月小年专为外地客人演一场。那天的月山热闹非凡,贴对联、挂灯笼、杀年猪、打黄粿、做麻糍、烙社饼、蒸年糕、炸粿片,家家户户开门迎客。热情的月山人在逢源街上开起百家宴,用最隆重的方式招待远方来客。而大年初一晚上的那一场表演,则是月山人自己的春晚。

如今,依托月山春晚的品牌,月山村吸引了纷至沓来的人群,经济不断发展。2014年,在省有关部门支持下,月山村投入3200多万元,启动了历史文化村落保护利用项目。

不少曾经外出打工的年轻人回流家乡,回到青山下,筑巢举溪畔,做起生意,开起民宿。2017年,全村民宿和农家乐已达30多家,床位300多张,共接待游客12万余人次,旅游收入近1300万元。“这里给了我很多,我在这里结婚、生子,我的孩子还将在这里长大,我会带着她继续看我们从小看到大的春晚。”3年前从嘉善返回村中开民宿的村民吴学平说。

月山春晚已经成为月山村的一张“金名片”。不断发展的时代为月山春晚舞台提供了无穷的创作灵感,更在节目内容中注入无数鲜活元素。举水乡乡长吴华说,不久的将来,这里还将建起全国首家春晚博物馆,吸引八方来客。

“从专业角度来说,我们的春晚和电视上任何一台晚会比起来都相差很多。但也正是这些土得掉渣、讲述我们老百姓自己真实故事的节目,传递了一份份浓浓的乡情乡韵。台上演员又都是身边熟识的人,大家看起来愈觉亲切。”吴美妫说。

应是江南好风景,最美之处是乡韵。时光流转,月山春晚早已不是一台简单的春节演出,而更像是一条无形的文化脉络,年年岁岁流传中,是亲情乡情积淀,也是游子归心的寄托。

合上吴友贤老人留下的笔记本,耳边仍是举溪潺潺的水声和划过山后竹林间的簌簌风声。或许,这些陈年而空白的纸页想要诉说的,并非过往,而是蕴含无限可能的月山春晚的未来……

Spring Festival Gala in Moon Mountain

By Huang Huixian, Bao Zhenling

A hard-cover notebook in a drawer of Li Fangde, a resident of Moon Mountain Village in Qingyuan County in southern Zhejiang tells a story about the Spring Festival celebration in the village. The notebook belonged to Wu Yuqian, who passed away more than eight years ago. Li was a friend of Wu and the notebook came into Lis possession. The notebook is valuable. It had never been written in. It was an award issued in commemoration of the 20-year-old Wus participation in the villages first Spring Festival gala show.

Moon Mountain Village is nestled in the mountains east of the county seat of Qingyuan. It is 53 kilometers from the county capital and over 400 kilometers from Hangzhou, the capital of the province. At an altitude of 820 meters above sea level, the village sits at the foot of a mountain and semi-circled by a bamboo forest. Far away from anywhere, villagers are in the habit of entertaining themselves.

Nobody can tell exactly how the Spring Festival show started in the village, but it can definitely traced to 1981, a time when there was no electricity in the village at all. On the first day of the traditional New Year, Wu Shaoli and some villagers got together and began a performance. Some sang folk songs. A few villagers put on a show called “Rural Life”. It demonstrated what the villagers did for living: how they made straw shoes, how they thrashed rice after the crop was taken in, and how they ploughed rice paddies. The show took place on a spacious ground in front of the village administration office and all the villagers were there. It was a huge success. Since then, the show has been on every Spring Festival.

But there have been huge changes. Electricity came to the village in 1991. The showground has changed again and again: at homes of villagers, by a highway, on a schools playground and then in the villages hall. The village cultural center, built in 2013, has become the home of the Spring Festival gala show. Inside the center is a theater with all the rows of seats on a sloped floor, reminding one of the old-time cinemas. The style is hardly seen today.

When there was no electricity, the show was always held on the afternoon of the Spring Festival for the best sunlight. In 1991, the show went on at the villages hall and modern acoustic equipment was used. Over years, the changes in the county have seeped into the show. Qingyuan has thrived as a major producer of tea and mushroom. In 2004, Wu Yanxia, a village girl who took an advanced course at Peking University, began to tell the villages story of Spring Festival gala show to the outside world. The story caught the attention of the local and national media.

The 71-year-old Wu Jixiang is a new performer of the show. His father had been on the stage for more than ten years and he performed his swan song at 100 in 2016. The father passed away at 101 in 2017. Before he passed away, he asked his son to replace him in the show. Wu Jixiang recalled his show in 2018:“I was nervous. Fortunately I made straw shoes from my teen years to my 20s. I soon calmed down.”

Moon Mountain Village has experienced many changes. It is now a tourist attraction. In 2017, the villages tourism industry, which was composed of 30 some hostels and restaurants with nearly 300 beds, brought in 13 million yuan as sales revenue. Many who used to work away from home have come back. Wu Xueping, a villager who used to work and live in Jiashan, a county of Zhejiang near Shanghai, moved back three years ago. “I was born and brought up here. I got married here and had our daughter here. My daughter will grow up here and I will watch the Spring Festival gala show with her,” said Wu.

“Our Spring Festival celebration is nothing like any spectacular show on television, but the show tells stories about us, the ordinary people. These stories bring the community together. All the performers are people we know in our everyday life, which makes the show delightful and heart-touching,” commented the 65-year-old Wu Meiwei, who has directed the show for many years.

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