常玉作品欣赏

2019-12-06 07:58
世界知识画报·艺术视界 2019年11期
关键词:裸女我行我素常玉

Chang Yu was born in an affluent family in Nanchong, Sichuan Province, in 1900. He started to practice painting and calligraphy since 10 years old. In 1919, together with Xu Beihong and Lin Fengmian, he visited Paris for study. In the same year he held calligraphy exhibition in Tokyo. He lived in Paris for the rest of his life. With financial support from his brother, Chang Yu was able to live a well-off life. However since 1930s when his brother passed away, Chang Yu began to live in a poor financial condition. Even though, Chang Yu never changed his painting style to cater to the demand of the public at that time. There is always a sense of loneliness in his painting no matter it was about naked women, figures, or still life. In the 50th anniversary of Chang Yus death in 2017, Taibei National Museum of History held a grand exhibition for Chang Yu, displaying his lifelong artworks including oil paintings, watercolor paintings, sketches, and sculptures. Chang Yu now is recognized as a painting master by the whole world.

常玉,本名常有書,1900年生于四川顺庆(南充市)的富商家庭,10岁即与赵熙习画。长于书法的他,1917年入上海美术学校就读,1919年与徐悲鸿、林凤眠一同前往巴黎勤工俭学,并于同年赴日时在东京展出其书法作品,获得当地杂志刊载推荐。至67岁辞世,大致都住在巴黎。因有做丝绸生意的长兄给予经济支持,为他在巴黎的小资生活提供了保障。相比和他一起留学的同学勤学苦练,年轻的常玉是在咖啡馆里,一边看《红楼梦》或是拉着小提琴,一边作画的。

常玉好友王季冈回忆:“其人美丰仪,且衣着考究,拉小提琴,打网球,更擅撞球。除此之外,烟酒无缘,不跳舞,也不赌。一生爱好是天然,翩翩佳公子也。”常玉也经常请好友在法国吃正宗的中国大餐,出手阔绰,钱花光了,就向好友相借,等家中汇款一到,再作偿还。上世纪30年代,常玉四川南充家中的兄长去世,他的经济状况也急转直下,始料不及的变故,使常玉从花花公子瞬间变得一贫如洗,生活变得艰辛。

1938年欧战即起,常玉的经济状况如雪上加霜,但他仍定期举办展览。他曾参加过法国秋季沙龙、法国独立沙龙,虽然在小范围内有所影响,但最终未能真成名,这让常玉的生活变得更加艰难,也越来越孤独。很多时候,艺术创作和世俗生活是相悖的。常玉的一生虽然孤寂无闻,然而他的艺术创作却直抵心灵,也最终经受住了时间考验。不媚世俗,其人其画终被认可。

常玉偏爱裸女、人物、花卉静物及动物等题材,终其一生描绘的对象不出上述主题。但不论是哪个主题,他都没有一丝张扬迎合,相反,你总能看出其中的孤独感,颇有“不可向人语,独自暗神伤”的自怜情态。重点是,他笔下的裸女跟一般人不一样,几乎看不到纤细体态,大都丰满肥硕,肉肉的孩子气、润润的姿态,曼妙无比,风韵张扬。甚至有的五官都不画全,有的独眼视人,有的若有所思,体态含羞带怨。到了晚年,常玉的作品愈加简洁朴实无华,技法炉火纯青,达到了中西合璧的境界,透着一股纯真之气。也正是这分我行我素、不媚世俗的气度,使其画作在拍场上屡屡刷新纪录。

2017年适逢常玉大师逝世50周年,台北历史博物馆为纪念这位华人艺术家的绘画成就,特别组织了全面概括常玉创作生涯的大型展览,包括油画、水彩、素描、雕塑等作品。台北国立历史博物馆收藏有常玉40几幅油画巨作,于1978起定期举办他的回顾展及学术研究,借此宣扬他在20世纪中国美术史上的成就。

画家常玉一生大起大落,在艺术上坚持我行我素。而今,西方公认他为世界级的绘画大家。

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