纠正低血糖生活食物卡夹在低血糖处置的效果观察

2020-05-21 03:30王荣芬胡卫恒李祖旋李蕊姚超群
糖尿病新世界 2020年2期

王荣芬 胡卫恒 李祖旋 李蕊 姚超群

[摘要] 目的 观察使用“纠正低血糖的生活食物卡夹”(已获国家实用新型专利,专利号ZL 2017 2 0756805.8)对发生低血糖的糖尿病患者的影响,指导患者在日常生活中选择标准的纠正低血糖的食物种类和量,及时纠正低血糖。 方法 选择2017年10月—12月住院的糖尿病患者90例,通过自制问卷,了解患者对低血糖反应的知识掌握情况,通过使用“纠正低血糖的生活食物卡夹”进行健康指导,观察使用卡夹后,患者在发生低血糖时对生活食物种类和量的选择正确率。 结果 通过该卡夹的使用及健康指导,糖尿病患者在发生低血糖时,能够准确、及时的选择生活中食物的种类和量,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。 结论 “纠正低血糖的生活食物卡夹”可作为临床护理教育工具使用,针对患者或家属,具有直观、具体、形象,实用性强的特点,能够更规范地帮助糖尿病患者在发生低血糖时,及时、准确地选择含糖食物和进食量,纠正低血糖,减少对机体的损害。另外还可作为日常健康保健资料推广使用,提高群众健康管理知识。

[关键词] 生活食物卡夹;低血糖处置;食物的正确选择

[中图分类号] R587.1          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1672-4062(2020)01(b)-0160-03

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of “correcting hypoglycemic food clip” (has obtained national utility model patent, patent number ZL 2017 2 0756805.8) for diabetic patients with hypoglycemia, and guide patients to choose the standard correction type and amount of blood glucose correct hypoglycemia in time in daily life. Methods A total of 90 patients with diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized from October to December 2017 were selected. Through self-made questionnaires, the patient's knowledge of hypoglycemia was known. The health guidance was observed through the use of “correcting hypoglycemia food clips”. After the clip, the patient selects the correct rate of the type and amount of food in the life of hypoglycemia. Results Through the use of the clip and health guidance, diabetic patients were able to accurately and timely select the type and amount of food in their lives when hypoglycemia occurred, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion The "correcting hypoglycemic food clip" can be used as a clinical nursing education tool. It is intuitive, specific, image and practical for patients or their families. It can help diabetic patients to have hypoglycemia more regularly. Timely and accurate selection of sugary foods and food intake, correcting hypoglycemia and reducing damage to the body. In addition, it can also be used as a daily health care data promotion to improve people's health management knowledge.

[Key words] Living food clip; Hypoglycemia treatment; Correct choice of food

糖尿病患者在治疗过程中可能发生血糖过低现象。低血糖可导致患者不适甚至生命危险,也是血糖达标的主要障碍,应该引起特别注意和重视[1]。因此,當糖尿病患者血糖低于≤3.9 mmol/L,即需要补充葡萄糖或含糖食物。中国2型糖尿病防治指南中已经明确提出,意识清楚的糖尿病患者发生低血糖应立即口服15~20g糖类食品。

患者在住院期间,如果发生低血糖,往往能得到医生或护士较为规范的处理,及时纠正低血糖,减少危害性。但如果患者在家中或非住院期间,一旦发生低血糖,有些虽能采取处置措施,但经常出现进食的食物不准确或量过多及过少的情况,导致低血糖纠正不及时或血糖过高。目前国内在低血糖规范处置方面大多涉及到的是针对护理人员的培训及质量管理内容[2-4],却忽视了患者自我对低血糖规范处置的日常实践能力教育指导,即在发生低血糖时,如何从生活食物中合理、准确地选择种类及进食量。因此针对这一现状选取2017年10月—12月90例患者,制作出“纠正低血糖的生活食物卡夹”,通过问卷调查,评估患者对低血糖处置的知晓度,应用“纠正低血糖的生活食物卡夹”进行健康指导,并在指导后进行第二次的问卷调查,效果满意,现报道如下。