Animal Camouflage

陈传光

语篇导语

伪装是指动物将自身融入周围的环境避免被其他生物发现。伪装是一种古老的艺术，地球上的生物每天都依靠它生存，有的为了躲避天敌，有的为了捕捉猎物。动物们有很多伪装自己的方式。让我们一起走进下文，看看动物们都是如何伪装自己的吧！

Concealing Coloration

Imagine that you are walking through a snowy field. All of sudden， out of the corner of your eye， you see a white thing run past you. It is a snow shoe hare， and you didnt see it until it started moving. The snow shoe hare is one of many animals that use a form of camouflage called concealing coloration. Concealing coloration happens when an animal is colored so that it blends in with its background. In this case， the snow shoe hare is white to blend in with the snow on the ground.

By disappearing into their surroundings， animals are able to avoid attacks by predators if they remain still or move slowly. In the rainforest， tree frogs are dark green to match the leaves around them.

Disruptive Coloration

Did you know that zebras can outsmart lions？ When a herd of zebras realizes that a lion is about to attack， they all run together. To the lion， the zebra herd appears as one big black and white mass due to their stripes. The lion cant find a zebra easily.

Disguise

Disguise is when animals blend in with their surroundings by looking like another object. An insect that looks like a branch or leaf is using a costume to hide from predators.

Mimicry

Mimicry is when animals or insects look like other dangerous or poisonous animals or insects. They pretend to be what they are not. The elephant hawk caterpillar raises its head and moves from side to side like snake.

詞语沉淀

camouflage /?k?m?flɑ??/ n. 伪装;隐蔽; hare /he?（r）/ n. 野兔;outsmart /a?t?smɑ?t/ v. 比……精明;智胜; herd /h??d/ n. 兽群;牧群;surrounding /s??ra?ndI/ n. 周围的人或物; mass /m?s/ n. 一群;一堆;predator /pred?t?（r）/ n. 剥削者;掠夺者;poisonous /?p?Iz?n?s/ adj. 有毒的

典句赏析

1. Concealing coloration happens when an animal is colored so that it blends in with its background. 这种形式的伪装只有在动物自身颜色与周围环境相近时才会出现。

so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句;blend in with... 意为“与……协调”。

【即时尝试】 这件外套和她的肤色很协调。

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2. By disappearing into their surroundings， animals are able to avoid attacks by predators if they remain still or move slowly. 通过将自身颜色融入周围环境，动物们只要保持静止或者缓慢移动就可以避免很多捕食者的攻击。

by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事”;be able to意为“能”，可用于各种时态，can也意为“能”，但只用于一般现在时和一般过去时;avoid （doing） sth. 意为“避免（做）某事”。

【即时尝试】 李雷将能通过这次英语考试。

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3. To the lion， the zebra herd appears as one big black and white mass due to their stripes. 在狮子看来，斑马群就像一个巨大的黑白相间的怪物。

to sb. 意为“对于某人来说”;appear as... 意为“以……出现”;due to意为“由于”。

【即时尝试】 由于暴风雨，他来晚了。

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4. An insect that looks like a branch or leaf is using a costume to hide from predators. 昆虫会变得很像一根树枝或者一片树叶来躲避捕食者。

that looks like a branch or leaf是定语从句，用于修饰先行词insect;use sth. to do sth. 意为“使用某物做某事”;hide from意为“躲着某人”。

【即时尝试】 他经常躲着他的老朋友。

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译文助读

体色隐藏

想象你正走在一片雪地上。突然间，眼角一瞄，看到一个白色东西跑过去。其实那是一只雪鞋兔，它不移动的时候你根本看不到它。雪鞋兔就是一种用体色隐藏来伪装自己的动物。这种形式的伪装只有在动物自身颜色与周围环境相近时才会出现。在上述情况下，白色的雪鞋兔完美融入白色的雪地。

通过将自身颜色融入周围环境，动物们只要保持静止或者緩慢移动就可以避免很多捕食者的攻击。在热带雨林中，深绿色的树蛙将自己隐藏在树叶中。

颜色干扰

你知道斑马要比狮子聪明得多吗？当斑马群意识到一头狮子将它们作为捕食目标的时候，它们会聚在一起狂奔。对狮子来说，斑马群由于身上有斑纹，看起来像一个巨大的黑白相间的群体。狮子不能轻易地找到一只斑马。

掩饰

动物们经常会使自身变得很像周围环境中的一样东西来隐藏自己。昆虫会变得很像一根树枝或者一片树叶来躲避捕食者。

模拟

模拟是指动物和昆虫将自身假装成其他具有危险性或者有毒的动物和昆虫的样子。它们掩饰原来的身份。象鹰毛虫抬起头，就像蛇一样左右移动。