必修4重点词语归纳

2020-11-02 02:45刘本龙
考试与评价·高一版 2020年6期
关键词:例句辨析区别

刘本龙

1. astonish vt. 使惊讶

【经典例句】

The earthquake astonished the whole country. 这次地震震惊了全国。

We are all greatly astonished that she has failed. 她失败了,我们很惊讶。

【思维拓展】

astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的(指事物本身的特征);astonished adj. 感到惊讶的(指人的主观感受);astonishment n. 惊讶;to one's astonishment让某人惊讶的是……;in astonishment 惊讶地;be astonished at / by sth.对某事感到惊讶;be astonished to see / learn... 看到/得知……感觉很惊讶;be astonished + that从句,对……感到惊讶

2. particular adj. 特殊的;讲究的;苛求的;挑剔的

【经典例句】

Her particular way of smiling left a good impression on me. 她特有的微笑给我留下了美好的印象。

She is particular about what she eats. 她过分讲究吃。

The teacher showed particular concern for the disabled child. 老师特别关心那个残疾儿童。

【思维拓展】

in particular=especially 特别;尤其;particularly特别地;格外地

【易混辨析】 particular, especial与special的区别

particular着重指同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的事例,是相对“一般”而言的“特殊,特定”;special和especial都有“特殊的,特别的”之意,不同的是,special还有“专门的,额外的”的意思。

3. observe vt. 观察;观测;遵守;庆祝

【经典例句】

The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男子走进了银行。

The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那个女子紧跟着他。

The police observed that the driver did not observe the traffic rule. 警察注意到那位司机没有遵守交通规则。

【思维拓展】

observation n. 观察;观察力;观测;be under observation 受严密监视;observe sb. do sth.观察某人做某事(全过程);observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事;observe that... 发现;观察……

【温馨提示】

observe后跟不带to的不定式作补语,即observe sb. do sth.,不能说observe sb. to do sth.,但在被动语态中,必须带to。例如:

He observed someone open the door. →Someone is observed to open the door.

4. argue vi. & vt. 争论;辩论;争吵;主张,认为

【经典例句】

It's no use arguing about the question with him for he won't change his mind. 关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的,因为他是不会改变主意的。

Some experts argue that more strict measures should be taken to make the road safer. 一些專家认为要采取更严格的措施来确保道路更安全。

【思维拓展】

argument n. 争论,辩论,争吵;argue with sb. on / about / over sth. 与某人争论/辩论某事;argue against / for为反对 / 赞成……而辩论;argue sb. into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事;get into an argument with sb. 和某人争吵起来

【易混辨析】 argue, quarrel与discuss的区别

argue“争论;辩论”,指举出理由或事实来与对方争辩,有“企图说服对方”的含义;quarrel “争吵;吵架;争辩”,侧重用“口角”的方式争执;discuss“讨论”,指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而交换意见。

5. struggle vi. & n. 斗争,拼搏;努力;挣扎

【经典例句】

They were struggling to get out of the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。

The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。

On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. 到达岸边后,姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。

【思维拓展】

struggle with与……斗争;struggle for为争取……而斗争;struggle against与……斗争;为反对……而斗争;struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.) 努力做某事;struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来

【易混辨析】struggle, fight与battle的区别

struggle意为“斗争”,指那些费力、很艰苦、时间也较长的“斗争”;fight意为“战斗”,指人与人或动物与动物用武器或者不用武器的战斗;battle常指战争中的一次战役。

6. content adj. 满意的,满足的 n. 满足,满意;内容,含量;(书)目录 vt. 使满足

【经典例句】

We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only. 我们决不可满足于仅有的书本知识。

I always read the contents of a book first. 我总是先读书的目录。

He seems to live in peace and content. 他好像生活得平静而满足。

【思维拓展】

contented adj. 表示感到满意或满足的,心满意足的;contentedly adv. 感到满意或满足地;contentment n. 满足;满意;be / feel content with=be satisfied / pleased with对……满意;be content to do sth. 满意/乐意做某事;content oneself with使某人自己对……感到满足

【易混辨析】 content与satisfy的区别

content用作形容词时,只能用well修饰,不能用very修饰,且不可作前置定语;satisfy表示使人的要求、希望得到完全的满足。若只是表示使人在一定程度上感到满足,则要用content。

7. convince vt. 使确信;使信服

【经典例句】

I managed to convince them that the story was true. 我设法使他们相信那个故事是真的。

You need to convince our interviewer your ability to master the work. 你需要让你的面试官相信你有驾驭这份工作的能力。

【思维拓展】

convinced adj. 坚定不移的;有坚定信仰的;convincing adj. 令人信服的;convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事;be convinced of sth. / that确信;坚信;深信;convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

【易混辨析】 convince与persuade的区别

convince是通过摆事实、讲道理使人信服,后面常接of或that从句;persuade是指用劝说的方式说服某人,使其愿意采纳意见或采取行动。

8. represent vt. 代表;象征;(向人)说明

【经典例句】

To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring. 对于埃及人来说,绿色象征着春天的希望和快乐。

He represents himself as a friend of the President. 他自称是总统的朋友。

【思维拓展】

representation n. 表现;描述;描绘;representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的,有代表性的;represent sb. as / to be宣称某人为……;represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明/传达某事

【温馨提示】 represent作“说明,使明白”和“传达,表达”讲时,不能直接跟人作宾语,常用结构为:represent sth. to sb.或represent to sb. sth.。类似的单词还有:explain, guarantee, relate, say等。

【易混辨析】 represent, stand for与on behalf of的区别

represent指代表某人/某个团体/政府等,或指某种标志代表什么,某物表现/描绘的是什么;stand for通常指字母、数字、符号等代表/象征什么;on behalf of 指代表/代替某人,只能作状语。

9. turn one's back to背对;背弃;不理睬

【经典例句】

Turning one's back to someone shows anger. 背對某人表示生某人气了。

He's been always kind to us. I can't turn my back to him now that he needs my help. 他一向对我们很好,现在既然他需要我帮忙,我不能拒绝他。

【思维拓展】

turn against 背叛;反抗;turn away 转过身去;turn down调小(音量等);拒绝;turn into 把……变成……;turn off 关掉;解雇; turn out结果是;生产;关闭;turn over变动;交付;移交;turn to致力于;转向;求助于;turn up到达;出现;调大(音量等)

10. pick out挑出;辨别出;领会

【经典例句】

I'm going to pick out a few books to send to some friends in South China. 我将挑选几本书寄给华南的几个朋友。

I'll pick out a picture to show them. 我将选择一张画给他们看。

At registration I had trouble picking out my courses. 注册时,我不知道选读哪门功课好。

【思维拓展】

pick out sb. / sth. from从……中挑出/辨别出某人/物;pick up 拾起;接收;用较少的钱买到;通过实践学会;(用车)接

【易混辨析】 choose, select, elect与pick out的区别

choose是最普通的用语,侧重于凭个人的意志或判断力在一些人、物或行为方式中选出一个;select指在同类的许多东西中进行有斟酌的精选,强调以客观为标准进行选择,侧重于从许多同类事物中进行选择时的挑剔态度;elect多指选举或用其他方法推选人,有时也指“决定(做某事,尤指做出某种选择)”,这种选择通常指通过深思细想做出的选择;pick out指从个人角度考虑,在众多选项中进行挑选,通常用于不需要认真权衡,只需对比就能做出决定的场合。

11. at ease舒适;快活;自由自在

【经典例句】

The dentist soon put the small girl at ease. 牙医很快使小女孩的情绪放松了。

He is at ease about the matter. 他对此事很放心。

【思维拓展】

ease作名词讲时,表示“安逸;安心;不费力;悠闲”;ease 作动词讲时,表示“解除;减轻(痛苦、忧愁或烦恼)”;ease sb.'s mind使某人安心;feel / be at ease舒适而无忧虑;完全放松;put / set sb. at ease使某人感到轻松自在;take one's ease 使自己轻松一下;stand at ease 稍息;ill at ease不自在,不自然

【易混辨析】 at ease与with ease的区别

at ease意为“(feeling confident or relaxed) 舒适;快活;自由自在”;with ease意为“(easily or without difficulty)轻松地,容易地”。at ease既可作表语,亦可作状语;with ease 只能用作状语。

12. be satisfied with对……感到满意

【经典例句】

You've done well at school. I'm very satisfied with you. 你在学校表现得不错,我对你很满意。

I am not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对现状根本不满意。

【思维拓展】

satisfy vt. 使满意,满足;符合,达到(要求、规定、标准等);satisfaction n. 满意,满足;令人满意的事物;to one's satisfaction = to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是……;be satisfied to do对做……感到满意

【易混辨析】 satisfied, satisfying与satisfactory的区别

satisfied感到满意的;满足的,如a satisfied smile 满意的微笑;satisfying=satisfactory令人满意的;使人满足的,如a satisfying / satisfactory answer / explanation令人满意的回答/解释。

13. refer to 提到;说到;参考;参阅

【经典例句】

When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. 当我面对困难时,我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网络。

While giving the English speech, no one is allowed to refer to the notes. 英语演讲时,不允许任何人看稿子。

You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision. 你应该把这件事交给我们的老师做决定。

【易混辨析】 refer to, consult与look up的区别

refer to和consult都可作“查阅(词典、参考书等)”讲,表此意时两词可以互换,后接书籍、词典等名词;look up 意为“(在词典、时刻表等中)查找……”,后接所查阅的词作宾语。

14. would rather 宁愿;宁可

【经典例句】

He'd rather work in the countryside. 他宁可到农村去工作。

I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。

【思维拓展】

would rather意思是“宁愿,宁可;更;最好;还是……为好”,后接动词原形;如果在两者中进行取舍,表示“宁愿……而不愿……,与其……宁可……”的意思时,则可用would rather... than... 或would... rather than... 句型,后面一般都接動词原形。

15. in general总的来说;通常

【经典例句】

In general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice. 一般说来,北方人喜欢吃饺子,而南方人喜欢吃米饭。

In general, a plain carpet makes a room look bigger. 一般来说,单色的地毯使房间显得更宽敞。

【思维拓展】

on the whole总的来说;generally speaking一般说来;as a whole就整体上来看;in a word总之

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