2型糖尿病并发症流行病学调查及危险因素

龙丹凤 徐志伟 王小芳

摘要：目的  分析广西梧州市某院2型糖尿病并发症及相关危险因素。方法  选择2017～2018年某院2型糖尿病患者1412例为研究对象，收集患者临床资料，分析2型糖尿病并发症及相关危险因素。结果  2型糖尿病并发症总发生率为74.74%，5年以上糖尿病史的并发症发生率为78.52%，梧州地区的2型糖尿病性眼病、肾病的发生率最高;广东地区2型糖尿病性神经病、冠心病的发生率最高;非两广地区的2型糖尿病性高血压、脑血管病的发生率最高。其中体质指数、餐后2 h血糖水平是2型糖尿病并发症的独立危险因素。结论  某院2型糖尿病并发症总患病率超过全国平均水平，各并发症发生率部分超过全国平均水平。而患者的体质指数、餐后2 h血糖水平、糖尿病病程等因素与并发症的发生密切相关，因此早诊断、早治疗、控制体重、大力开展肥胖患者的餐后血糖测试等相关措施可以减少糖尿病并发症的发生及进展。

关键词：2型糖尿病;糖尿病并发症;流行病学;危险因素

中图分类号：R587.1                                文献标识码：A                                  DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.21.039

文章编号：1006-1959（2020）21-0128-03

Abstract：Objective  To analyze the complications and related risk factors of type 2 diabetes in a hospital in Wuzhou， Guangxi.Methods  1412 Patients with type 2 diabetes in a hospital from 2017 to 2018 were selected as the research objects， clinical data of the patients were collected， and complications of type 2 diabetes and related risk factors were analyzed.Results  The total incidence of complications of type 2 diabetes was 74.74%， and the incidence of complications with a history of diabetes over 5 years was 78.52%.Wuzhou has the highest incidence of type 2 diabetic eye disease and nephropathy; Guangdong has the highest incidence of type 2 diabetic neuropathy and coronary heart disease; non-Guangdong and Guangxi regions have the highest incidence of type 2 diabetic hypertension and cerebrovascular disease. Among them， body mass index and blood glucose level 2 h after a meal are independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes complications.Conclusion  The total prevalence of type 2 diabetes complications in a hospital exceeded the national average， and the incidence of each complication partially exceeds the national average. The patient's body mass index， blood glucose level 2 hafter a meal， diabetes course and other factors were closely related to the occurrence of complications. Therefore， early diagnosis， early treatment， weight control， and vigorously carrying out postprandial blood glucose testing for obese patients could reduce diabetes. The occurrence and progression of complications.

Key words：Type 2 diabetes;Complications of diabetes;Epidemiology;Risk factors

隨着城市化的发展和人口老龄化，目前我国糖尿病患者已高达9240万，还有1.482亿成人处于糖调节受损期。据此推算，梧州地区总人口约305万，约有糖尿病患者20万。2013版《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》中指出，2型糖尿病在我国20岁以上人群中的发病率高达9.7%[1]。若患者的血糖水平长期处于较高的水平，可导致糖尿病足病、糖尿病周围神经病变、糖尿病肾病、糖尿病性视网膜病变等多种并发症[2]。为了更好地了解本地区住院2型糖尿病并发症流行病学现状，本研究对梧州市人民医院2017～2018年2型糖尿病住院患者进行了调查，以期为制定符合本地情况的糖尿病治疗指南提供流行病学依据。