Journal of Economics of Water Resources

Vol.39No.4Jul.30th2021

EnvironmentalregulationandutilizationefficiencyofwaterresourcesbasedonurbanagglomerationsinYangtzeRiverDelta/TONG Jixin, ZHAO Cuiyan(Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Using the super-efficiency SBM model and the Malmquist index model, the utilization efficiency of water resources of 27 cities in Yangtze River Delta from 2012 to 2018 is calculated. A panel threshold model with the environmental regulation as the threshold variable is established to analyze the effect of the environmental regulation on the utilization efficiency of water resources. The results show that the overall utilization efficiency of water resources in Yangtze River Delta is satisfactory, and the overall Malmquist index is a rising trend. There is a single threshold effect of the environmental regulation on the utilization efficiency of water resources. When the environmental regulation is below the threshold 0.494, the effect of the environmental regulation on the utilization efficiency of water resources is not significant, and only when the environmental regulation is above 0.494, it can significantly promote the utilization efficiency of water resources.

Keywords: super-efficiency SBM; Malmquist index; utilization efficiency of water resources; environmental regulation; threshold effect; urban agglomerations in Yangtze River Delta

Relationshipamongnewurbanization,utilizationefficiencyofwaterresourcesandeconomicgrowth/MA Jun1,2,3, PENG Suya1(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Coastal Development and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Research Center of Water Resources and Sustainable Development in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2019, the spatial Dubin model is used to investigate the relationship among new urbanization, utilization efficiency of water resources and economic growth. The results show that there is a positive spatial correlation between China’s new urbanization, utilization efficiency of water resources and economic growth. The new urbanization and the utilization efficiency of water resources have a positive role in promoting the economic growth in the region and the neighboring areas. The interaction of new urbanization and utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the economic development in the region and further the economic growth of the neighboring areas through the spatial spillover effects. Therefore, it is recognized that during the transformation period of the economic development, the high-quality urbanization is of great significance for solving the contradiction between resource supply and demand caused by uneven distribution of water resources and promoting the economic production efficiency by improving the utilization efficiency of water resources.

Keywords: new urbanization; water resource utilization efficiency; economic growth; spatial Dubin model

PlanningofwaterconservancyscenicareasunderNationalSpatialPlanningofChina/LI Lingjun1, HAN Lingjie1, SONG Yating2(1.Bureau of Comprehensive Development of the Ministry of Water Resources of P.R. China, Beijing 100053, China; 2.College of Architecture, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

Abstract: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the National Spatial Planning System has been determined, thus, the planning of water conservancy scenic areas should coordinate with the requirements of multi-planning coordination. The requirements of regional planning, resource system allocation and rigid constraints of spatial planning are summarized. The attributes of water conservancy and landscape resources are analyzed based on the bottom limit thinking of resources. The essence and main objects of water conservancy landscape resources are defined, and it is put forward that the water conservancy scenic area is a water conservancy cultural landscape area. It attempts to position the function of planning of water conservancy scenic areas from the role of planning of water conservancy scenic areas and the relationship with other planning and industry, and the connection relationship between the planning of water conservancy scenic areas and the other planning is analyzed. Finally, the planning object of the planning of water conservancy scenic areas is defined. Based on the functional objectives and the existing problems, the planning content of water conservancy scenic areas is clarified, and the control system aiming at highlighting water conservancy characteristics is established.

Keywords: National Spatial Planning of China; water conservancy scenic area; water culture; water landscape

High-qualitydevelopmentstrategyofSouth-to-NorthWaterDiversionProjectinJiangsuProvincebasedonwatermanagementpolicyinnewera/LI Songbai, SUN Tao(Jiangsu Water Source Co., Ltd. of Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Nanjing 210019, China)

Abstract: The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is the major production layout for the country to optimize the allocation of water resources from the overall perspective. It is the major strategic infrastructure to alleviate the serious shortage of water resources in northern China. In the new era, Jiangsu’s South-to-North Water Transfer Project is facing new situations such as the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy and the water safety guarantee in Xiong’an New Area. The prominent contradictions faced by the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Jiangsu Province are analyzed and summarized, such as large water-saving space, difficult optimization allocation, heavy governance tasks and high water supply costs. In order to solve the above contradictions, the high-quality development strategy, which adheres to the priority of water conservation, spatial balance, systematic governance and dual efforts, is put forward for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Jiangsu Province based on the water management policy in the new era. It will provide guarantee for the efficient operation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Keywords: South-to-North Water Diversion Project; new era; water management policy; high-quality development; Jiangsu Province

High-qualitydevelopmentofShenzhenPortbasedoncharacteristicsofthefifthgenerationport/CHEN Zhenchun, XIE Lingfeng(Guangdong Provincial Transportation Planning Research Center, Guangzhou 510199, China)

Abstract: The port is an important node connecting the domestic road network and the world, and it has a special position in the global logistics chain. With the continuous development of China’s economy and the improvement of its opening to the outside world, higher requirements are put forward for the construction and management of ports, thus accelerating their inter-generational replacement. The connotation and characteristics of the fifth generation port are theoretically put forward, and the realization path of high-quality development of the fifth generation port is discussed based on the practical experience of Shenzhen Port. The construction of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area and the demand of port transformation and upgrades promote Shenzhen Port to take the leading role in carrying out the practice and exploration of the fifth generation port. Shenzhen Port has made certain achievements in port-city interaction, smart port, green port, etc., and its high-quality development has achieved initial results.

Keywords: fifth generation port; smart port; port-city interaction; Shenzhen Port

InfluencingfactorsforaddedvalueofhydraulicengineeringEPCprojectsbasedonBIM/XUE Song1,2,3, HUANG Guohua1,2, XU Ningzi1,2, ZHANG Zhenzhen1,2(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Institute of Project Management of Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Currently, the application efficiency of information technology in EPC projects of hydraulic engineering is low. Applying the building information model(BIM) technology to the EPC projects of hydraulic engineering can promote the sharing of information and knowledge throughout the life cycle of the project, improve the capability of collaborative work between project participants, and achieve added value. Exploring the influencing factors and mechanism for the added value of BIM-based EPC projects of hydraulic engineering is the premise and key to realize the project value. By using the qualitative research methods, interviewing 20 persons engaged in the construction or researches of EPC projects of hydraulic engineering and reviewing 90 related documents, the influencing factors for the added value of BIM-based EPC projects of hydraulic engineering are identified. The DEMATEL-ISM method is used to analyze the correlation between the factors, and a hierarchical structure of the influencing factors is established. The results show that the market demand for BIM is the root influencing factor, and the technical support capability of BIM, enterprise attention and investment level and management organization are the core factors for the added value of BIM-based EPC projects of hydraulic engineering.

Keywords: hydraulic engineering; EPC model; building information model; added value; influencing factor

CountermeasuresonwaterenvironmentgovernanceinHuaiheRiverBasin/BAO Xiaobin1, ZHU Xiaobing2(1.Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China; 2.Urban Water Resources Management Department of Shenyang Water Affairs Service and Administrative Law Enforcement Center, Shenyang 110002, China)

Abstract: The challenges on water environment pollution are serious in Huaihe River Basin. The waste water discharge reached to 6461 million tons in 2018 and increased by 25.9% than that in 2010. The water quality of the monitoring section with Grade Ⅳ, Grade Ⅴ and inferior Grade Ⅴ had still accounted for 36.4% in 2019. Therefore, the comprehensive governance of water environment is significant for the green development in Huaihe River Basin. The main problems of the water environment governance are as follows: incomplete governance system, weak legal performance, simple governance method, imperfect trans-province water pollution control measures and deficient governance inputs. The corresponding countermeasures for the water environment governance in Huaihe River Basin are put forward, including improvement of planning system of water environment governance, intensifying of water quality conservation in water environment function areas, optimization of industrial structure and spatial arrangement, promotion of coordination of upper and lower reaches and trans-provinces within Huaihe River Basin, strengthening of water environment monitoring and establishment of investing and financing mechanisms on water environment governance.

Keywords: Huaihe River Basin; water environment; pollution control; protection of water resources

RiverChiefSystemofYangtzeRiverBasinfromperspectiveofintegratedmanagement/LI Feng, GU Ruizhe(Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: In order to further promote the implementation of the River Chief System and enhance the effectiveness of water environment management in the Yangtze River Basin, the framework of integrated theory is summarized. The compatibility between the integrated theory and the River Chief System is explored. The general situation of the implementation of the River Chief System in the Yangtze River Basin is reviewed. The problems in the implementation of the River Chief System are analyzed from the perspective of governance of the integrated theory, such as the simplification of the participants in the governance, the separation of public interest departments, the fragmentation of integration at the same level and the high dependence on authoritative organizations. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for improving the reform of the River Chief System in the Yangtze River Basin as follows: encouragement of participation of multiple organizations, promotion of incentive and restraint mechanism, improvement of integrated mechanism at the same level, and establishment of networked information management systems for the government.

Keywords: Yangtze River Basin; River Chief System; integrated management; river and lake management

Incentivemechanismofoperationandmaintenanceofnon-publicinfrastructuresinspongecitiesbasedondouble-principalagent/DING Leijie1,2, DING Jiyong1,2, ZHAI Wujuan1,2(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Engineering Management Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: On the basis of summarizing the operation and maintenance mode of non-public infrastructures in sponge cities, the chain double-principal agent relationship between the main stakeholders during the operation stage of the sponge infrastructures is analyzed. By introducing the theories of fairness preference and contextual performance, the traditional H-M model is improved, and the incentive model for the operation and maintenance of non-public sponge infrastructures is established and solved. The results show that: (1) The incentive level of the contract and the dependency coefficient of the owner are the dynamic influencing factors for the stakeholders. (2) From the perspective of fairness, the optimal incentive coefficientβ*is determined by the game between the government and the owner. Accordingly, a set of incentive mechanism is designed from the perspective of the government, including incentive mode and incentive level, and a simulation example is given.

Keywords: sponge city; operation and maintenance management; incentive mechanism; non-public infrastructure; double-principalagent

Creditevaluationindexsystemforsubjectofwaterconservancyconstructionmarket/FENG Jingchun1,2,3, MA Jiajia1,3, FENG Tongzu1,2, CHEN Rundong4, FENG Haiyu5(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Jiangsu Province World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Project Management Institute of Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 4.Water Resources Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530023, China; 5.Water Conservancy Project Construction Management Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530023, China)

Abstract: The credit rating of subject of water conservancy construction market is the basis of government supervision for construction of water conservancy projects. The scientificity of the credit evaluation index system has a significant effect on the accuracy of the evaluated results. Aiming at the problem that the current credit evaluation index system is beneficial to large enterprises and unbeneficial to small ones, taking construction enterprises as an example, a credit evaluation index system for water conservancy construction subjects and a Bayesian network credit evaluation model are established from the perspective of government supervision. The credit data of construction enterprises from the Ministry of Water Resources of P. R. China are used to train and test the model. The results indicate that the accuracy rate for evaluating the credit rating reaches 90.91%. The proposed method can provide a reference for the relevant government departments to further improve the credit evaluation index system.

Keywords: water conservancy construction subject; government regulation; credit evaluation; Bayesian network; index system.

Conceptionofassetsaccountingframeworkofwaterresourcesfrommulti-dimensionalperspective/DU Juan1, LIU Hui2, QIAO Zhanming2, XIONG Zenglian2, LI Guangyong1(1.National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100380, China; 2.Comprehensive Investigation and Monitoring Institute of Natural Resources of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China)

Abstract: The assets accounting of water resources is one of the important contents of the assets checking and accounting of the national natural resources. Based on the survey and monitoring results of water resources in China at present, the accounting framework of water resource assets is put forward. The framework establishes a physical quantity accounting content index system including assets stocks, potential utilization, flows, reproducible capability, quality and protection status of water resources according to the stage and status of water resource assets in the natural, social and economic systems from the perspectives of asset ownership, management, use, income and protection. A “double-track” measurement system for price of assets with parallel transaction price and theoretical price is proposed on the basis of the development and utilization status of water resource assets.

Keywords: water resource; owner’s interest; national ownership; assets accounting; framework

Rightsandobligationsofstakeholdersinmechanismofecologicalcompensationofwaterflows/CAO Jianting, ZHAO Zhongnan, TIAN Ying, WANG Erfeiye, ZHANG Yue, CHEN Yuanyuan(General Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Planning and Design of the Ministry of Water Resources of P. R. China, Beijing 100120, China)

Abstract: Based on the systematic review of the relevant laws, regulations and theoretical researches on the definition of stakeholders in the mechanism of ecological compensation of water flows, the framework of the rights and obligations of stakeholders is analyzed, and its actual compensation is described through the cases in water right transaction, water environment protection and flood storage and detention areas. The results show that: ①The China’s laws and regulations have clear definitions of the water flow ownership implemented by the State Council and the use rights obtained by the organizations and individual users, and their separation has been achieved through the water extraction permit system. ②The owner of water flows has the rights of their possession, use, profit and allocation based on the China’s laws and regulations. Furthermore, as the public interest spokesman of the natural resources, it is more responsible for the protection of the water flows. The users of water flows also have the obligations to protect them, and they should abide by the laws and regulations and ensure their quantity, quality and healthy eco-system. ③The mechanism of ecological compensation of water flows should be mainly aimed at the losses caused by encroaching the rights and interests of resources and environment(development rights) of the stakeholders who have the rights to use, and the contribution on the positive externalities of the ecological environment. ④It is necessary to further strengthen the government’s roles in the mechanism of ecological compensation of water flows, especially in allocating the compensation funds to the stakeholders who has the use rights of environmental resources and directly contribute to the water protection so as to establish the long-term mechanism. It is suggested that the ecological compensation in flood storage and detention areas should be carried out.

Keywords: water flow; stakeholder; right and obligation; ecological eompensation

Calculationoftrans-provincialwaterecologicalcompensationstandardandallocationoffundsbasedonentropyweightmethod:casestudyofDongjiangRiverBasin/GAO Huizhong1, LIU Hui1, XU Fengran1, ZHANG Chunling2, LI Xiang1(1.Institute of Hydraulics, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; 2.Institute of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

Abstract: The calculation of ecological compensation standard and the allocation of funds are the key and difficult problems in the establishment of trans-provincial water ecological compensation mechanism. It is necessary to calculate the direct cost compensation and the opportunity loss compensation respectively according to different characteristics of compensation, and then allocate the direct cost compensation to various districts and counties in the water source areas. The model for calculating the compensation amount and the entropy weight model for the allocation of funds based on the trans-provincial cross-section water quality and investment benefits are established. Taking the pilot project of trans-provincial compensation mechanism in Dongjiang River Basin as an example, the annual compensation amount of water ecological protection in the source area of Dongjiang River in Jiangxi Province is 3.186 billion yuan, among which the direct cost compensation is 1.106 billion yuan, which is distributed to Xunwu County, Anyuan County and Dingnan County according to the proportion of 37.2%, 32.2% and 30.6%. The results are higher than the compensation amount of “Agreement on horizontal ecological compensation for the upper and lower reaches of Dongjiang River Basin”, which can provide support for optimizing the compensation standard and utilization of funds of trans-provincial water ecological compensation in China and implementing differential compensation mode.

Keywords: trans-provincial water ecological compensation; compensation standard; allocation of fund; Dongjiang River Basin