GT3住宅

建设单位：个人

项目地点：西班牙马德里

设计单位：BOJAUS 建筑师事务所

场地面积：900 平方米

建筑面积：800 平方米

摄影：BOJAUS

Client:Private

Location:Madrid,Spain

Architect:BOJAUS

Site Area:900 m²

Building Area:800 m²

Photography:BOJAUS

GT3 住宅是在一种混合住宅类型中进行重复和扩展的方法。我们尝试将两种住宅类型的优点结合在一起：集合住宅的聚合感和社区性，以及独立住房的独立性和自治性。该住宅地处马德里近郊，法规要求这里的住宅必须是独立或联排形式。我们则在不增加联排住宅建设量的前提下发展出一种复合的住宅形式。

GT3 中的三户分别居住于相互堆叠三层中，如此形成了竖向联排形式而非传统意义的水平形式。每户都拥有等效的占地面积。每一层相较于较低层都有90 度的旋转和3.5 米的退台，因此GT3 也可以看作是同一类型住宅沿高度方向的重复操作。这种方式为每层住户在建筑的不同方向上释放出一个花园露台的室外空间。

GT3 住宅的混凝土墙板在现场浇筑，不需要内柱支撑，因此每层都有13x13 米的自由平面。悬挑梁将每层分为三个区域，铺设25cm 厚的混凝土楼板。位于平面中心的较小区域包含服务设施。其它两个区域朝向外侧：卧室布置在东北或西北方向，公共功能和开场区域则布置在东南西南方向。

每层的隔墙与悬挑梁相互作用，使整个建筑结构如同纸牌屋一样。同时我们将竖向交通核分解，使楼梯独立于电梯通往各层，由每层露台进入各户。

The GT3 houses are considered as an exercise of repetition and stacking of houses in a hybrid block that tries to bring together the best of two types of housing:the density and the community of the block,on the one hand,and the independence and autonomy of the isolated housing,for other.The project is developed in an area of Madrid where the regulations define that the building typology must be an isolated single-family house or in a row.However,it is possible to propose this collective housing scheme with the condition of not increasing the buildable area resulting from the corresponding row houses project.

The three houses are therefore stacked one on top of the other,inverting the scheme in a row and proposing stacking vertically,instead of the row of houses attached horizontally.Each of them thus occupies the entire floor of the building,developing the housing program on a single floor,compared to the type of row house that must be developed on 3 floors(4 counting the basement).It is a repetition in height of the same type of house that thanks to a 90 degree turn of each floor with respect to the lower one and a displacement of 3.50m.it frees an outdoor space that is used as a terrace-garden,alternating in each of the plants so that one does not overturn directly on the one immediately below.

The structure of the building,made of concrete slabs and walls made in situ,manages to be solved without pillars or intermediate supports.In this way,free floors of 13x13m are achieved,since the reinforced concrete walls,which function as a facade,cover the light in a natural way,functioning as deep beams (3m).A second order of hanging beams divides the plant into 3 bands allowing the lights to be covered directly with 25cm thick slabs.The smaller intermediate zone contains all the services and facilities of the house,with the other two bands facing the outside.In them,the bedrooms facing northeast and northwest will be located on the one hand and on the other the more public and open areas where open areas of kitchens and living rooms oriented to the southeast and southwest are developed.

The concrete walls are counterbalanced,bracing each floor with the alternate ones so that the structure is stable like a house of cards.At the same time it is ensured that the upper house does not tip over the lower one directly.The vertical core of communications breaks down.The staircase goes up from the outside,independently of the elevator and the accesses to the houses are made through the terraces generated on each floor.

分解示意图 Decomposition diagram

实体模型 Entity model

实体模型 Entity model

实体模型 Entity model

形态生成演示图 Demonstration of morphogenesis