德班高层公寓竞赛方案设计

建设单位：国际竞赛

项目地点：南非德班

设计单位：哈维尔•莫斯盖拉建筑师事务所

建筑面积：12 500 平方米

Client:Open international competition

Location:Durban,South Africa

Architect:Javier Mosquera Arquitectos

Building Area:12 500 m²

该项目将成为德班市的新地标。一座木制塔楼从被树木覆盖的场地中拔地而起。看似自由的立面形式将保护室内免受烈日影响。作为二十一世纪的公寓楼，它的建造也是对时代的回应。该项目将以一种实验性的模块化方式建造，并完全用木质结构元件。“万字”形的平面布局使每层的房屋单元和其它空间都略有不同。这使自由的平面，剖面和立面的组合成为可能。因此该方案展示了一种美学和多种功能可能性相结合的类型学模型。

公寓楼分为三个部分。底部为包含零售功能的5m 通高空间，略微低于地平高度，被绿植环绕。这使该建筑与德班市的城市交通与生活节奏区分开。中间部分由沿住房单元和包含楼梯与电梯的交通核组成。通过削减一些体块创造出新的露天空间成为居民的私人花园。一座高层建筑同样应为使用者提供亲近自然和开放空间的机会。居民可以从阳台眺望城市街景和远处的海湾。建筑的最高层配备公共服务设施，包括托儿所，游泳池和健身房。这是一个更大的露台，向城市和天空开放。

木材是一种独特的结构材料。在该项目中，它体现对于环境的尊重，并同时向室外和室内传递这种信息。公寓楼中央核心由交错层压板（CLT）制成，周边结构使用胶木梁加固。额外的交错层压板将这两个部分连接在一起。建筑内部垂直结构也使用层压板，它可适应平面和房屋单元的多种布局形式。同时建筑外立面框架也由层压板制成，它们的自由组合为城市带来了新的标志性景观。

A new landmark in the city of Durban.A new wooden tower raises itself from the trees on the ground.It is composed by free elevations,unpredictables,that as brise-soleis protect the interior of the building from the incoming sun.As a new inhabitant of the XXI century,its construction is also a response to its time.An experimental modular housing tower,built completely with wooden structural elements.The swastika layout in every level,lets an aleatory variation of the housing units and the other parts of the building.By doing this,a free composition of plans,sections and elevations is possible.It is then,a typological model with infinite combinations both esthetics and functionals.

The building is divided into three parts.The plinth,with the retail areas with a free height of 5m,are placed around a Green public space,slightly sunk into the ground and separated from the traffic and the pace of life of the city of Durban.The intermediate volume is composed by the combination of housing units around the central core,with the stairs and elevators.By subtracting some elements of those housing units,new open air spaces are created,as private gardens for the owners.A tall building should also have the possibility to enjoy the nature and open spaces.From those terraces,the city of Durban and its coast and harbour could be seen.In the top of the building is where the common areas are placed,such as the nursery,the swimming pool and the gym.Again a terrace appears,but in this case,open to the city and to the sky.

The wood understood as the unique and singular constructive material.Being respectful with the environment,is shown to the exterior and to the interior of the building.The central core is made of CLT panels.The perimeter is reinforced with a gluelam beam.Between these two elements,and joining them together,CLT panels are placed.The interior vertical structure is also made of CLT panels which adapt themselves to the several layouts of the plans and housing units.The elevations are made of structural CLT panels,and their free composition give to the city a new iconic view.