How to Self-help in an Earthquake 如何在地震中自救

Micky

我们无法控制诸如地震这样的自然灾害，但是我们完全可以在日常生活中掌握一些遭遇自然灾害时的自救方法，以便在危急关头尽可能地减少伤亡。

Earthquakes， can be so 1）tremendously destructive. Its hard to imaginethey occur by the thousands every day around the world， usually in the formof small tremors.

Scientists assign a 2）magnitude rating to earthquakes based on thestrength and 3）duration of their seismic waves. A quake measuring 3 to 4.5is considered minor， 4.5 to 6 is moderate to strong， 6 is major， 8 or more isgreat.

When an earthquake occurs， we should keep calm and act according tothe surroundings.

If you are indoors

Drop， cover， and hold — Take cover under a4）sturdy desk， table， or bench， or against an insidewall， and hold on. If there is no desk or table nearyou， cover your face and head with your arms andcrouch in an inside corner of the building.

Stay away from glass， outside walls， doors andwindows， and anything that could fall， such as lightingfixtures and furniture.

If you are in bed when the earthquake strikes， stay there. Hold on andprotect your head with a pillow. If you are under a heavy light fixture thatcould fall， please move to the nearest safe place.

Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Mostinjuries during earthquakes occur when people are hit by falling objects whileentering or leaving buildings.

Do not use elevators.

If you are outdoors

Stay there.

Move away from buildings， trees， streetlights， and utility wires.

If you are in a moving car

Stop as quickly as safety permits， pull to the side of the road， and stay inthe car.

Avoid stopping near or under buildings， trees， overpasses， and utilitywires.

Do not attempt to drive across bridges that have been damaged.

Proceed cautiously after the earthquake has stopped， watching for roadand bridge damage.

If you are trapped under debris

Do not produce a flame.

Do not move about or kick up dust.

Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.

Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle if oneis available. Shout only as a last resort — Shouting can cause you to inhaledangerous amounts of dust.

1） tremendously adv. 非常地

2） magnitude n. 巨大

3） duration n. 持續时间

4） sturdy adj. 结实的；坚固的

地震具有巨大的破坏性，很难想象世界上各个角落每天都发生着数以千计的地震，通常是小地震。

根据地震的强度和地震波的持续时间，科学家对地震进行了震级评定：震级大于或等于3 级、小于或等于4.5 级属有感地震；震级大于4.5 级、小于6级属中强震；震级大于或等于6 级、小于8 级属强震；震级大于或等于8 级属巨大地震。

当地震发生时，我们要保持冷静，根据周围的环境进行判断后再行动。

如果你在室内

蹲下，寻找掩护，抓牢——利用坚固的写字台、桌子或者长凳下的空间，或者身子紧贴内部承重墙作为掩护，然后双手抓牢固定物体。如果附近没有写字台或桌子，用双臂护住头部、脸部，蹲伏在建筑物的角落。

远离玻璃制品、建筑物外墙、门窗以及其他可能坠落的物体，如灯具和家具等。

如果发生地震时你在床上，请待在那里不要动，抓紧枕头保护你的头部。如果你上方有可能坠落的重型灯具，请转移至最近的安全地带。

在晃动停止并确认户外安全后，方可离开房间。地震中的大多数伤亡，是人们在进出建筑物时被坠物击中造成的。

切勿使用电梯逃生。

如果你在室外

待在原地不要动。

远离建筑物、树木、街灯和电线电缆。

如果你在开动的汽车上

在确保安全的情况下，尽快靠边停车，待在车内。

不要把车停在建筑物下、大树旁、立交桥或者电线电缆下。

不要试图穿越已经损坏的桥梁。

地震停止后小心前进，注意道路和桥梁的损坏情况。

如果你被困在废墟下

不要点火。

不要向周围移动，避免扬起灰尘。

用手帕或布遮住口部。

敲击管道或墙壁以便让救援人员发现你。可能的话，请使用哨子。在其他方式不奏效的情况下再选择呼叫——大声喊叫可能使人吸入大量有害灰尘。