Editorial

• Unrecognized congenital heart disease in rural school-age children:getting to the root of the problem

Review article

• Prenatal risk factors and genetic causes of ADHD in children

Meta-analysis

• effects of probiotic supplementation on abdominal pain severity in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Original articles

• Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases among young children in Wuhan city,China
• Analysis of clinical characteristics of 66 pediatric patients with B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of COVID-19
• Is early patent ductus arteriosus ligation helpful in premature neonates? A 10-year retrospective study

Clinical images

• Auricular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
• Unusual cause of recurrent vomiting with failure to thrive in an infant

Research letters

• Schoolchildren from disadvantaged backgrounds present a loss of lean tissue mass and significant increase of body fat mass during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany:results from the MEDdirect study
• Insufficient application of estimation equations of glomerular filtration rate:a survey of 1009 Chinese pediatricians

• Editors
• Instructions for Authors