从２００７高考题看ｗｈａｔ在谚语中的运用

梁　雨

2007年英语全国高考试题全国卷Ⅱ中有如下一道试题：

17.____matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which

【解析】 答案A。此题考查what 引导的主语从句，且what 作从句的主语。what的用法是近几年高考的热点和难点。

当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句（不可引导同位语从句）；它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语也就是说what 引导的句子等于一个名词，可以自由地做主语，表语，介词或动词的宾语，what表示“所有……的（事）”的意思，相当于“the thing(s) that ...”、“all that ...”、“that which ...”、“everything that ...”。

一、 引导主语从句

1. Whats bred in the bone will come out in the flesh.本性总要表露。

2. Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。( 生米煮成熟饭了。)

3. What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.儿时所学，终生难忘。

以上三句谚语中划线部分都是what 引导的主语从句，且what 作从句的主语。

4. What we do willingly is easy.愿者不难。（what 引导的主语从句，且what 作从句的宾语）

【典型考例』

1.____parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (2007陕西)

A. That B. Which C. What D. As

【解析】 答案C。此题考查what 引导的主语从句，且what 作从句的主语。

2.____makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services. (2006 辽宁)

A. What B. Who

C. Whatever D. Whoever

【解析】 答案A。此题考查what引导的主语从句，且what作从句的主语。句意：使该商店与众不同的是它提供更多私人服务。

二、 引导表语从句

what 表示“所……的（人）”的意思，相当于“the person that ...”等。例如：

1） Children are what the mothers are. 耳濡目染，身教言传 (what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。)

2) Jack is no longer what he was five years ago. 杰克不再是从前那样了。(what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。)

【典型考例』

1） See the flags on top of the building! That was____we did this morning. （2006全国卷Ⅰ）

A. when B. which C. where D. what

【解析】 答案D。此题考查what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作宾语。

2） Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer____it was 20 years ago,____it was so poorly equipped. （2005安徽）

A. what; when B. that; which

C. what; which D. which; that

【解析】 答案A。第一个空考查what引导的表语从句，且what在从句中作表语，第二个空考查when引导的非限定性定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。

三、 引导宾语从句

1) You never know what you are till you try. 是驴是马，拉出来遛遛便知。

2) A wise man cares not for what he cannot have.智者不作非份之想。

3) Never try to prove what nobody doubts.无人怀疑之事，不必证实。

以上三句谚语中划线部分都是what 引导的宾语从句，且what 作从句的宾语。

4） A wise man will make tools of what comes to hand.聪明的人能随机应变。

5） Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事，今日毕。

以上两句谚语中划线部分都是what 引导的宾语从句，且what 作从句的主语。

【典型考例】

1） The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer, warm sunshine and soft sands make____it is. （2007重庆）

A. what B. which C. how D. where

【解析】 答案A。此题考查what引导的宾语从句，作动词make的宾语，且what在宾语从句中作表语。

2） —What did your parents think about your decision?

—They always let me do____I think I should. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)

A. when B. that C. how D. what

【解析】 答案D。此题考查what引导的宾语从句，作动词的宾语，且what在宾语从句中作宾语。

3) The shopkeepers did not want to sell for____he thought was not enough.

A. whereB. how C. what D. which

【解析】 答案C。此题考查了what引导的宾语从句的用法，what在从句中做主语。所以正确答案为C。

【巩固练习】

1. Although Anne is happy with her success,she wonders____will happen to her private life.

A. thatB. what C. itD. this

2． Nowadays customers become more and more practical and buy only____they need. （2006山东卷）

A. where B. which C. when D. what

3. I just wonder____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does

C. how it is D. what it is

4． America was____was first called “India” by Columbus.

A. that B. where

C. what D. the place

5． Two major languages spoken in____is now called the Great Britain before 1066 were Celtic and Old English.

A. what B. that C. whichD. where

6. Listening to the lectures given by the famous professor is an exciting moment,_____I am looking forward to.

A. whatB. that C. it D one

7. The police got to____was once an old yard that the workers used as a store.

A． what B. where C. that D. which

8． The word media basically refers to____ we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.

A. which B. what C. why D. how

9. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at____I thought was a dangerous speed.（2004上海春季）

A. as B. which C. what D. that

10.____made the school proud was____ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春季）

A. That；what B. When;what

C. What; that D. How; that

Keys: 1. B2. D3. D4. C5. A6. D7. A8. B9. C 10. C