赵 贤
Unit 7
1.a bit; a little
a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级时,可以互换。表示“一点儿”的意思。例如:
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little louder so as to make himself heard more clearly.
讲演者把嗓门提高了一点,以便使别人听得更清楚一些。
In fact, the earth is actually a bit/a little nearer to the sun during the winter. 事实上,冬天地球离太阳更近一些。
a bit和a little在否定句中意思恰恰相反,not a bit相当于“not at all”(一点儿都不),not a little相当于“very(much)”。例如:
He wasnt a bit hungry.(=He wasnt hungry at all.) 他一点儿都不饿。
He wasnt a little hungry.(=He was very hungry.) 他饿极了。
注意:not a bit可分开使用,而not a little不可分开。
a little可直接作名词的定语,而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语,二者都只能修饰不可数名词。例如:
Theres only a little(=a bit of) food left for lunch.
午餐只剩一点儿食物了。
说明:a bit of的复数形式是bits of, a little不能变复数。例如:
He took some paper and a few bits of wood and soon made a fire.
他取出一些报纸和一些木片很快生着了火。
There were bits of broken glass on the floor.
地板上有好几块玻璃碎片。
2. tall; high
tall常指长度、高度,往往含有高度或长度远过于宽度的细长形的东西的意味,常用来指人或动物。其反义词是short。high主要强调高于地面之上的垂直高度或借喻性的高。如:高山、高温、高速、高价等。其反义词是low。如:
a tall horse, a tall man, a tall tree, a high mountain, a high level, high clouds, high in price, high heels(高跟鞋)等。
指建筑物“高”既可用tall,也可用high。如:a tall/high building。
指人身材高矮用tall,也可用high。例如:
My brother is taller than me. 我弟弟比我个子高。
He is six feet high. 他身高六英尺。
指某人所处的空间位置高,只能用high,不能用tall。因为tall仅指从头到脚的一段长度,而high既可指从头到脚的长度,也可指离地面的一段距离。
3. person; people
person可以指man, woman或child,其复数形式是people。用person则强调数量的概念,比较正式。一个人应该说“a person”;不能说“a people”;两个人则可以说“two persons”或“two people”。例如:
There are only three persons in the room. 房间里只有三个人。
Among the people at the party, I did not know a single person.
聚会的人中,我一个也不认识。
people泛指人们;the people指人民或确指的人们;a people, peoples指民族,种族。例如:
Were there many people at the meeting? 出席会议的人多吗?
The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中华民族是勤劳的民族。
We should study hard for the people. 我们应该为人民而努力学习。……