新目标七年级(下)Units7—8词语辨析

2008-05-13 05:06:04赵贤
中学英语之友·上 2008年4期

赵 贤

Unit 7

1.a bit; a little

a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级时,可以互换。表示“一点儿”的意思。例如:

The speaker spoke up a bit/a little louder so as to make himself heard more clearly.

讲演者把嗓门提高了一点,以便使别人听得更清楚一些。

In fact, the earth is actually a bit/a little nearer to the sun during the winter. 事实上,冬天地球离太阳更近一些。

a bit和a little在否定句中意思恰恰相反,not a bit相当于“not at all”(一点儿都不),not a little相当于“very(much)”。例如:

He wasnt a bit hungry.(=He wasnt hungry at all.) 他一点儿都不饿。

He wasnt a little hungry.(=He was very hungry.) 他饿极了。

注意:not a bit可分开使用,而not a little不可分开。

a little可直接作名词的定语,而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语,二者都只能修饰不可数名词。例如:

Theres only a little(=a bit of) food left for lunch.

午餐只剩一点儿食物了。

说明:a bit of的复数形式是bits of, a little不能变复数。例如:

He took some paper and a few bits of wood and soon made a fire.

他取出一些报纸和一些木片很快生着了火。

There were bits of broken glass on the floor.

地板上有好几块玻璃碎片。

2. tall; high

tall常指长度、高度,往往含有高度或长度远过于宽度的细长形的东西的意味,常用来指人或动物。其反义词是short。high主要强调高于地面之上的垂直高度或借喻性的高。如:高山、高温、高速、高价等。其反义词是low。如:

a tall horse, a tall man, a tall tree, a high mountain, a high level, high clouds, high in price, high heels(高跟鞋)等。

指建筑物“高”既可用tall,也可用high。如:a tall/high building。

指人身材高矮用tall,也可用high。例如:

My brother is taller than me. 我弟弟比我个子高。

He is six feet high. 他身高六英尺。

指某人所处的空间位置高,只能用high,不能用tall。因为tall仅指从头到脚的一段长度,而high既可指从头到脚的长度,也可指离地面的一段距离。

3. person; people

person可以指man, woman或child,其复数形式是people。用person则强调数量的概念,比较正式。一个人应该说“a person”;不能说“a people”;两个人则可以说“two persons”或“two people”。例如:

There are only three persons in the room. 房间里只有三个人。

Among the people at the party, I did not know a single person.

聚会的人中,我一个也不认识。

people泛指人们;the people指人民或确指的人们;a people, peoples指民族,种族。例如:

Were there many people at the meeting? 出席会议的人多吗?

The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中华民族是勤劳的民族。

We should study hard for the people. 我们应该为人民而努力学习。……

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