突破固定思维的束缚，做出正确的选择

曹　凌

我们做英语的选择题时，出题者往往设下“陷阱”，改用熟悉的句型结构，利用一些词或短语的搭配来制造陷阱，误导考生掉入所设的陷阱，考生常常会受到固定思维的束缚而忽略了题中已经变化的条件或情境，轻而易举选出“正确答案”，结果往往选错。针对这种情况，同学们在平时应学会深入分析句式结构及成分，尤其是长难句，认真分析语境，找出其特殊性。要时刻记住：语意第一、语法第二的解题原则。

下面我结合近些年的高考题，就同学们在考试中常常出现的几种类型的思维定势进行剖析，以期对同学们有所帮助。

一、汉语的“干扰”

由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对同学们英语学习产生一定的负面影响，形成思维定势，从而使考生在考试中产生错误的判断，这尤其易发生在一些习惯表达方式上。

例1. Ill come to see you if_______ .

A. youre convenient

B. it is convenient for you

C. you feel convenient

D. it is convenient with you

解析：答案为B，但易误选A或C，因为按汉语意思“如果你方便的话”，易直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事实上，英语中表示“如果你方便的话”，通常说if it is convenient for (to) you。

【及时巩固练习】

1. I wont go there alone, and Ill take______________ wants to go.

A. anyoneB. who

C. whoeverD. what

2. Mary is very clever and_______worth teaching, but her brother isnt. Look, he is now_______asleep in class.

A. very; veryB. much; very

C. well; veryD. well; fast

3. —What do you think has caused the fearful_______ hurricane in America?

—_______ out too much warm gas.

A. People cut forest at will and let

B. Because people cut forest at will and let

C. When people cut forest at will and let

D. Peoples cutting forest at will and letting

4. —Who is making so much noise in the_____ garden?

—_______ the children.

A. There areB. They are

C. That isD. It is

5. There are some occasions_______you may be misunderstood by others.

A. whichB. when

C. thatD. Where

二、句型须“活用”

句型结构是英语学习的基础。同学们在高一、高二年级零零碎碎地学过一些句型，但到了高三总复习时，尤其是在考场上如何明辨、活用这些句型又是一个问题。

例2. —Did Jack come early last night?

—Yes. It was not yet eight oclock_______ he arrived home. (05福建卷)

A. beforeB. when

C. thatD. until

解析: 考生的思维定势有二：首先，认为是考查强调句型。同学们熟记了强调句型的基本模式：It be + 被强调部分 + that / who +其余部分。而判断一个句子是否为强调句型，只需将其中的It is / was和who / that去掉，如果句子结构完整通顺，则是强调句型，否则就可能是其他语法形式。……