轮椅竞速１００ｍ速度特征和速度分配的研究

程其练　王　飏　周美芳　裘　艺　熊和平

摘 要：通过对国内优秀男女轮椅竞速运动员进行的100 m测试和获取的数据，初步探明了100 m的总体竞速特征；并采用聚类分析对100 m全程进行阶段划分；用偏相关分析对阶段速度、全程平均速度的关系进行研究；制定了不同成绩下阶段速度分配表为训练提供模式目标。结论：轮椅竞速100 m的总体速度特征为全程速度处于上升期；100 m全程有三个明显阶段：起动段、起动加速段、加速段；各阶段速度对总成绩都有很大程度的影响；基于样本数据下的速度分配表在实践中有应用价值。

关键词：轮椅；100 m；竞速；特征；分配

中图分类号：G822.13

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1007-3612(2008)08-1147-03

A Study on Speed Character and Distribution for 100m Wheelchair

CHENG Qi-Lian1, WANG Yang2, ZHOU Mei-Fang1, QIU Yi3, XIONG He-Pin4

(1.College of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330046, Jiangxi China; 2.College of Physical Education,

Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei China;

3.Jiangxi Institute of Sports Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi China;

4.Department of Physical Education, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China)

Abstract:The speed characters are initially explored for 100m as a whole on the basis of 100m tests for elite domestic men and women wheelchair athletes; the phases are partitioned for whole race by classifying analysis; the relationship is studied among each phase speed and the average speed in whole race in the use of partial correlated analysis; the distribution table of each phase speed for different race performance is set down to provide the mode target in trainning. Conclusions: the speed characters for 100m as a whole show that speed is in continuously enhanced phase; there is a apparent partition by three phases in 100m race: start phase, start-accelerated phase, accelerated phase; there are high influence on race performance for speed of each phase; there is a applicable value in practice for speed distribution table made in virtue of quantity of sample data.

Key words: wheelchair; 100m; race; characters; distribution

残奥会上轮椅竞速是参赛者最多、参赛国家最多、竞赛最激烈的一项残疾人标志性项目。短距离轮椅竞速项目是国家残奥队在2008年北京残奥会上突破的重点，深化对短距离项目的科学研究，可以促进对这类项目专项运动特征和规律的了解，对训练和比赛起到积极的指导作用。研究100 m全程中的速度表现形式，揭示出和运动员专项能力及器械特性相符的竞速规律，确定全程速度分配模式，对认识轮椅竞速100 m这一结合人与器械的运动项目特点和指导训练实践有重要价值。

1 研究对象和方法

1.1 研究对象 国家轮椅竞速队现役的10名男运动员和9名女运动员，其基本情况见表1。残奥项目没有运动员水平等级划分，因此，国家队运动员基本包括了国内最高水平的选手，测试对象全部采用美国顶峰牌进口轮椅。……