王 陶,李 文,陈宏伟,陈小龙,刁进进
(徐州工程学院食品(生物)工程学院,江苏 徐州 221008)
虫草素的微波-超声波协同提取
王 陶,李 文,陈宏伟,陈小龙,刁进进
(徐州工程学院食品(生物)工程学院,江苏 徐州 221008)
研究蛹虫草菌丝体中虫草素的提取工艺及检测方法。确定微波-超声波协同提取法为虫草素提取的最佳方法,依据单因素和正交试验获得最佳的提取工艺:乙醇体积分数70%、提取功率200W、提取时间110s、料液比1:240(g/mL)。此时虫草素含量达9.228mg/g。采用紫外分光光度法测定样品中虫草素含量,回收率为97.41%~99.60%,RSD为1.469%,准确度和精密度都较高,是一种方便、成本较低的检测方法。
蛹虫草;虫草素;微波-超声波协同提取;紫外分光光度法
Abstract:Single factor and orthogonal array design methods were used to investigate an optimal procedure for the extraction of cordycepin from cultured mycelia of Cordyceps militaris with the assistance of microwave combined with ultrasonic. Besides,a UV spectroscopic method was developed for the assay of cordycepin and its figures of merit were evaluated. Results showed that the optimal values of crucial technological parameters affecting cordycepin yield were as follows: ethanol concentration 70%, microwave power 200 W, material/liquid ratio 1:240 (g/mL) and extraction time 110 s. Under such conditions, a cordycepin yield of up to 9.228 mg/g was obtained. The developed analytical method exhibited mean recoveries ranging from 97.41% to 99.60% of 3 replicates for cordycepin in a real sample spiked at 3 levels and both high accuracy and precision so as to provide a convenient and cost saving method for the assay of cordycepin.
Key words:Cordyceps militaris;cordycepin;microwave-ultrasonic assisted extraction;UV spectrophotometry
蛹虫草又名北冬虫夏草、蛹草、蛹草菌、北虫草等,分类学上属于真菌门(Eumycota)、子囊菌亚门(Ascomycotinia)、核菌纲(Pyrenomycetes)、球壳目(Sphaeriales)、麦角菌科(Claviciptiaceae)、虫草属(Cordycps),是极有开发价值的药、食两用滋补真菌[1-2]。虫草素即虫草菌素,早在1950年,由加拿大的Cunningham等[3]从蛹虫草的培养物中分离并鉴定出的,其结构与腺苷非常相似,所以又称为3'-脱氧腺苷。后来Kaczka等[4]从无冠构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulans)中亦分离出这种物质,这是迄今在虫草属真菌以外唯一报道分离出虫草素的菌种。虫草素是第一个从真菌中分离出来的核苷类抗菌素[5],虫草素具有免疫调节的作用[6]、抗肿瘤[7]、抗炎作用[8]、对尖音库蚊、埃及伊蚊和另一种伊蚊的幼虫有明显致死作用以及在治疗非洲人类锥虫病方面将发挥重要作用[9]等。对于虫草素的提取一般采取超声波提取、浸提法、索氏提取、回流法[10-16]、微波提取[17]等方法,目前尚未发现利用微波超声波协同提取虫草素的相关报道。……