常见时态典型错误例析

常见时态典型错误例析

1.如果他明天不能准时来，我们就不知道应该怎么办。

[误]If he won’t come on time tomorrow,we won’t know what to do.

[正]Ifhe doesn’t come on time tomorrow,we won’t know what to do.

[析]当主句是一般将来时，与其连用的条件状语从句的谓语动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

2.昨晚七点到八点她一直在看电视。

[误]She watched TV from 7：00 to 8：00 lastnight.

[正]She waswatching TV from 7：00 to 8：00 lastnight.

[析]表示过去某一阶段正在进行或持续进行的动作，应用过去进行时，而不用一般过去时。

3.爸爸进来的时候，我在做作业。

[误]Iwas doingmy homework whilemy father came in.

[正]Iwas doingmy homework whenmy father came in.

[析]while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词；而when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是终止性动词。本句中的come是终止性动词，所以应用when。

4.我从1985年起就在这所学校教书。

[误]I teach at this school since 1985.

[正]Ihave been teaching at this school since 1985.

[析]现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在而且还在进行；而一般现在时仅指现在时段内发生的事情或存在的状况。

5.这台电脑我已买了三年。

[误]Ihave bought this computer for three years.

[正]Ibought this computer three years ago.

[正]Ihave had this computer for three years.

[正]It’s three years since Ibought this computer.

[正]Three years has passed since I bought this computer.

[析]英语中动词有终止性动词和延续性动词之分。终止性动词的现在完成时的肯定形式不能与表示“一段”的时间状语连用。改正的方法有：

1 )用表示“点”的时间状语与终止性动词相配合。

2 )将终止性动词改为相应的延续性动词。

6.你刚才到哪儿去了？

[误]Where have you gone?

[正]Where have you been?

[析]have gone to...表示某人在某地的途中或者已到了某地；have been to…表示某人到过某地，人已回来。

7.我学英语已有两年多了。

[误]Ihave learned English since over two years.

[正]Ihave learned English for over two years.

[析]介词since之后跟表示时间“点”的短语；介词for后面跟表示时间“段”的名词短语。

8.我以前从没见过这么好的画。

[误]Inever saw such a beautiful picture before.

[正]Ihave never seen such a beautiful picture before.

[析]在叙述过去的行为时，如果有

never,ever等频度副词，往往用现在完成时，强调动作的结果与现在情况密切相关。

9.她病了好久了。

[误]She has been being ill for a long time.

[正]She has been ill for a long time.

[析]有些不能用现在进行时的动词，如be,have,like,love,know,see,hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而应用现在完成时。

10.在过去的两年中我读了很多书。[误]I readmany books in the past two years.

[正]Ihave read many books in the past two years.

[析]in the past two years是指从两年前开始一直延续到现在的情况，所以应该用现在完成时。

11.本周他没做过多少事。

[误]He didn’t domuch work thisweek.

[正]Hehasn’tdonemuchwork thisweek.

[析]时间状语包括现在，如this year/month/week,these days,so far等，谓语动词要用现在完成时。

14.她动身去加拿大了。

[误]She has been leaving for Canada.

[正]She has left for Canada.

[析]leave是瞬间动词，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时。

[小试牛刀]

单项选择。