向平,沈敏
(司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所上海市法医学重点实验室,上海200063)
法医毒理学的结果解释(下)
向平,沈敏
(司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所上海市法医学重点实验室,上海200063)
法医毒理学的主要任务是从生物检材中分析毒(药)物,并且推断毒(药)物浓度对死亡或行为能力的作用程度,结果解释是法医毒理学的最终目的。现代法医毒理学主要包括死后法医毒理学、滥用药物筛查和行为能力影响三个方面,由此探讨在进行结果解释时的诸多影响因素。进行法医毒理学的结果解释时应非常慎重,充分了解案情和调查结果,全面考虑毒(药)物的毒性、生物检材、药代动力学、体内再分布、药物交叉反应等多种因素,才能对案件作出较为准确的结果解释。
结果解释;法医毒理学;影响因素;毒(药)物;药代动力学;体内再分布
Abstract:Forensic toxicology concerns the analysis of biological specimens for the presence of drugs and poisons to determine what role the detected substances play in death or impairment of human performance.The interpretation of the results is the ultimate purpose of forensic toxicology.Modern forensic toxicology consists of three major areas:post-mortem forensic toxicology,forensic urine drug testing,human-performance forensic toxicology.This article discusses various factors that enter into the interpretation process in each area.The results must be interpreted with caution.Apart from the measured concentrations,many affecting factors like data from autopsy and investigation,drug toxicity,types of biosamples,pharmacokinetics,redistribution,and drug interactions should be taken into full consideration so that accurate result interpretations could be achived in cases.
Key words:interpretation of results;forensic toxicology;factor;drug and poison;pharmacokinetics;redistribution
合理的检材采集是分析结果解释的前提。要强调的是,死亡案件要进行法医毒理学解释需依据外周血的分析结果,因为外周血受降解、腐败和死后再分布等因素影响小,其定量分析结果可以较准确地反映死亡时的血液浓度。心血检材易于采集且充足,但由于心脏距离胃部近,心血中药物浓度往往高于股静脉处的血药浓度。Dalpe-Scott M[1]通过320例中毒死亡案例,比较心血和股静脉血的药物浓度,发现两个部位的血药浓度差别很大,通常碱性药物在心血中药物浓度远高于股静脉中的浓度,比值为1~20。……