朱月季
摘要:通过牛奶市场上政府、企业和消费者的预期支付构造一个社会福利函数,以政府追求社会福利最大化的基调,对政府与企业之间的策略进行动态博弈分析,用逆向求解的基本思路讨论得出,当牛奶存在质量安全问题时,在检准率大于50%的前提下,政府对于牛奶产品的监管力度(抽检率)存在一个最优值,表明抽检并非越严格越好,而是与优质和低质牛奶的生产成本差呈正比,与牛奶的市场价格、惩罚力度以及检准率呈反比。政府的监管应该综合各影响因素之间的关系,制定出稳定长期有效的监管策略。
关键词:牛奶;质量安全;社会福利;监管
中图分类号:S879.1;R155.5文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)05-1068-05
Analysis of Government Supervision over Milk Safety based on Game Theory
ZHU Yue-ji
(College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Rural Development Research Center,Wuhan 430070,China)
Abstract: A function of social welfare was created though the expected payoff of the government, enterprises and consumers. The dynamic analysis of Game Theory between the government and enterprise was made based on the fact that government maximizes the social welfare. Through reverse solving, it was concluded that government with enough technology support should make its supervision (the proportion of sampling inspection) at an optimal level when the milk was unsafe and the ratio of valid inspection was more than 50%, assuming that sampling inspection wasn't better when the proportion of sampling inspection was higher, but it was positive correlation with the gap of production cost between high quality milk and inferior milk, and was negative correlation with the market price of milk, penalties and the ratio of valid inspection. It indicated that government should take these factors into account to make a more effective long-term policy to address the milk safety issue.
Key words: milk;safety; social welfare; supervision
在牛奶市场上,由于企业的失信行为导致劣质牛奶的产生,对消费者的健康造成了潜在威胁,信息的不对称使得消费者对牛奶的效用评价失真。目前很多学者对食品质量安全问题以及相关的制度设计进行了研究。Elbasha等[1]认为在任何情形下信息是决策制定的关键性因素,如果人们不能完全明确自己的各种行为的预期成本收益,就会产生非最优结果。试图通过一种制度设计使得生产者向消费者提供正确的信息,以消除信息不对称,从而改进社会福利。李瑾等[2]同样从信息的角度分析了发达国家食品质量监管的模式,提出建立可追溯和预警的信息监管体系。Starbird[3]认为买方在具有不完全信息的情况下,会依赖食品质量安全的抽样检测机……