低渗口服补液盐加锌制剂治疗小儿急性腹泻疗效观察

刘小瑜

[摘要] 目的 观察低渗口服补液盐加锌制剂对小儿急性腹泻的临床疗效。 方法 将302例6个月～14岁的急性腹泻患儿随机分为三组，在腹泻常规治疗的基础上，A组予口服补液盐、B组予低渗口服补液盐、C组予低渗口服补液盐加锌制剂，比较三组疗效。 结果 三组总有效率分别为76.5 %、84.2%、90.9%，A组与C组差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.63，P < 0.01）。治疗后三组脱水程度、腹泻症状改变差异也有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论 低渗口服补液盐加锌制剂治疗小儿急性腹泻，疗效肯定，值得临床推广。

[关键词] 低渗溶液；锌；腹泻；小儿

[中图分类号] R725.7[文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673—9701（2012）24—0046—02

Efficacy of reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salts and using zinc supplements for curing acute diarrhea in children

LIU Xiaoyu

Department of Pediatrics， the Women and Children Health Hospital of Meizhou City， Guangdong Province， Meizhou 514021， China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of administration of reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salts and using zinc supplements for curing acute diarrhea inchildren. Methods A total of 302 cases aged 6 months to 14 years with acute diarrhea were randomly divied into three groups. In addition to diarrhea conventional therapy， Group A received oral rehydration salts， Group B received reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salts， Group C received reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salts and using zinc supplements， then the effect of three groups were compared. Results The total efficacy of three groups were 76.5%， 84.2% and 90.9% respectively. Between Group A and Group C，there was significant difference（χ2=7.63， P < 0.01）； the total scores in three groups decreased obviousiy after treatment， significant difference were demonstrated between the three groups. Conclusion Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salts and using zinc supplements for curing acute diarrhea in children can markedly increase the cured rate， shorten the recovery time， and there was a important clinical significance worthy of spreading.

[Key words] Hypotonic solution； Zinc； Diarrhea； Children

腹泻病是婴幼儿常见病之一，可致营养不良、生长发育障碍，甚至死亡。2005年世界卫生组织（WHO）发表了新制订的《腹泻治疗——医生和高年组卫生工作者使用手册》，推荐腹泻治疗最新的两项主要方法：使用低渗口服补液盐液及补锌。我院在常规治疗基础上，对部分患儿加用低渗口服补液盐液和锌制剂，疗效显著，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

研究对象为2009年4月～2012年4月在我院门诊就医的302例伴有轻中度脱水的急性腹泻患儿，均符合《中国腹泻病诊断治疗方案》[1]的诊断标准。年龄6个月～14岁，病程1～3 d，大便呈稀便、水样便、黏液便，次数3～10次。大便常规未见脓球和红细胞，部分可见白细胞3～4/HP。所有病例随机分为A、B、C三组。A组102例，男54例，女48例；B组101例，男51例，女50例；C组99例，男54例，女45例。三组患儿年龄、性别及病情轻重差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。

1.2 治疗方法

三组患儿均采用蒙脱石散保护胃肠道黏膜；益生菌制剂维持肠道菌群平衡；中度脱水的患儿予静脉输液，并记录输液量；病情提示有感染患儿，予相应的抗菌或抗病毒治疗。在此基础上，A组给予口服补液盐液口服、B组给予低渗口服补液盐液口服、C组给予低渗口服补液盐液加锌制剂口服。其……