电子束辐照灭菌对豆粕营养品质的影响

2012-04-29 10:32:10李湘陈云堂范家霖吕晓华张建伟杨保安
湖北农业科学 2012年18期

李湘 陈云堂 范家霖 吕晓华 张建伟 杨保安

摘要:采用不同剂量(0、0.83、1.56、2.30、4.93、7.84 kGy)的电子束辐照饲用豆粕样品,研究其对饲用豆粕营养品质的影响。结果显示,辐照剂量为0.83 kGy以上时豆粕样品中霉菌总数小于10 CFU/g,辐照剂量为2.30 kGy时豆粕样品中细菌总数下降至100 CFU/g;不同剂量的电子束辐照对豆粕的蛋白质含量、氨基酸的含量与组成、蛋白质溶解度的影响不明显;电子束辐照能影响豆粕的尿素酶活性(P<0.05),且随着辐照剂量的增加尿素酶活性降低。结果表明,2.30~7.84 kGy剂量的电子束辐照能有效控制豆粕中的微生物,且对豆粕营养品质的影响不显著。

关键词:电子束;辐照灭菌;豆粕;营养品质

中图分类号:TS229;S816.9文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)18-4082-03

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Nutrition Quality of Soybean Meal

LI Xiang,CHEN Yun-tang,FAN Jia-lin,L?譈 Xiao-hua,ZHANG Jian-wei,YANG Bao-an

(Isotope Institute Co., Ltd, / Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agriculture, Henan Academy of Science,Zhengzhou 450015,China)

Abstract: Samples of soybean meal were exposed to electron beam with dosage levels of 0, 0.83, 1.56, 2.30, 4.93, 7.84 kGy, to evaluate the efficacy of electron beam for decontamination as well as the effect of electron beam irradiation on the nutrition quality in soybean meal. The results showed that the total fungi number were inhibited to 10 CFU/g by irradiation when the dose was above 0.83 kGy, whereas the total number of aerobic bacteria were reduced to 100 CFU/g when soybean meals were given a irradiation dose of 2.30 kGy. The protein content, amino acid composition and protein solubility of soybean meal samples were not significantly influenced by irradiation(P>0.05), but the urease activity was significantly decreased with the increasing irradiation dosage(P<0.05). It was indicated that the irradiation dose of 2.30~7.84 kGy was effective for microbial decontamination in soybean meal, and had no adverse effects on the nutritional quality of soybean meal.

Key words: electron beam; irradiation; soybean meal; decontamination; nutrition quality

豆粕的蛋白质含量高、品质好、利用率高,对于动物而言是难得的优质植物性蛋白来源,同时也为饲料中微生物和仓储害虫的孳生、繁殖提供了物质基础。据报道,每克混合饲料约含有总厌氧菌数量1.3×105~2.2×106 CFU、大肠杆菌2.5×102~7.5×105 CFU、嗜高渗性霉菌1.5×103~3.5×105 CFU、其他真菌2.4×103~4.5×105 CFU[1]。生物害虫大量群居不仅消耗饲料中的大量营养物质,造成饲料质量的虫咬损失、引起饲料感官性状的恶化,而且群居害虫的代谢产物会导致禾谷类饲料活性增加,引起堆积物的生物性发热而使饲料中的淀粉分解、营养成分减少[2]。这些微生物、仓储害虫所产生的刺激性代谢产物和毒素将直接危害到动物的健康,并进而影响到动物产品的食用安全性。

食品辐照技术因其具有高效性、安全性、无残留的特点,将逐渐取代饲粮仓储中传统的化学熏蒸法、蒸气灭菌法。……

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