护士主导的全科团队家访服务对高龄独居老人生活质量的干预效果

荀雪琴 李萍 张金兰 柴晶蕾

摘 要 目的：探讨护士主导的全科团队家访服务对社区高龄独居老人生活质量的干预效果。方法：将81位80岁以上的高龄独居老人按居住地随机分为干预组（41例）和对照组（40例），干预组接受为期6个月的高龄独居老人家访服务，对照组实施常规的社区卫生服务模式。比较两组在干预前、干预后3个月、6个月的一般情况、生活质量。结果：干预前两组高龄老人生活质量显著低于我国常模水平（P＜0.001），两组比较无统计学差异。干预后干预组生活质量各领域得分均高于干预前和对照组同期水平（P＜0.01），对照组前后变化不明显（P＞0.05）。结论：护士主导全科团队服务可改善高龄独居老人的生活质量。

关键词护士全科团队社区独居老人生活质量

中图分类号：R47文献标识码：C文章编号：1006-1533（2012）12-0031-04

Effects of a nurse-leading general team home visiting program on the life

quality of the elderly people living alone

XUN Xueqin, LI Ping, ZHANG Jinlan, CAI Jinglei

（Lao Ximen Community Health Service Center, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200010, China）

ABSTRACTObjective：To evaluate the effects of a nurse-leading general team home visiting program on the life quality of the community elderly people living alone. Method：81 elderly aged 80 and over were randomly divided into the intervention group (n=41) and the control group (n=40). The intervention group received the nurse-leading general team home visiting for 6 months and the control group received routine community health service. The data of the general condition and life quality were collected at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after intervention. Results：The QOL scores of the 81 elderly were significantly lower than Chinese norm (P<0.001). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups. After the interventions of 3 months and 6 months, the QOL scores in physical, psychological, social and environment domains increased significantly than those before and after intervention(P <0.01). The control group did not change significantly before and after the routine health service (P＞0.05). Conclusion：The nurse-leading general team home visiting program can significantly improve the life quality of the community elderly people living alone. It is proved to be feasible and practical, which is worth being spread in the communities.

KEY WORDSnurse; general team; community; elderly people living alone; life quality

由于社会、经济、文化、观念等多种现代化因素的共同作用，高龄独居老人逐年增加，这一弱势人群的生活质量值得引起关注。随着社区卫生“六位一体”功能的不断完善，社区护士的角色功能也在不断扩展，为患者做出正确、有效的临床决策已成为护士在临床实践中必须具备的重要技能之一[1]。针对目前社区卫生服务医师工作繁忙，无法满足辖区内高龄独居老人的生理、心理需求，本研究成立由护士主导的全科团队为高龄独居老人提供上门家访服务，关注他们的身心健康问题、社会问题，显著改善了高龄独居老人的生活质量，现报道如下。

1对象与方法

1.1研究对……