关中地区温室油桃标准化栽培技术研究

2012-04-29 21:53:00赵俊侠齐康学
湖北农业科学 2012年14期

赵俊侠 齐康学

摘要:针对关中地区油桃温室栽培中存在的定植密度不统一、扣棚期把握不准、草苫覆盖时间有误、产量低、品质差等问题,通过一系列标准化栽培技术的试验,提出了温室油桃的标准化栽培技术,这就是定植株行距为150 cm×200 cm;扣棚时期掌握在12月下旬;在温室管理上,晴天草苫揭开、覆盖时间分别为8∶00和16∶00时,阴天分别为10∶00和14∶00;并且在7月上旬至8月上旬用15%多效唑可湿性粉剂200倍稀释液进行全株喷雾2次,以利于油桃的发芽分化。

关键词:温室;油桃;标准化栽培;关中地区

中图分类号:S628.5+1;S662.1;S6-33(241) 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2012)14-3012-03

Test of Standardized Cultivation Technology of Prunus persica var. nectarina in

Glass Room in Guanzhong Area

ZHAO Jun-xia1,QI Kang-xue2

(1.Yangling Vocational & Technical College,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;

2. Modern and Comprehensive Nursery Garden of Xian City,Huxian 710307,Shaanxi,China)

Abstract: To solve the problems of controlling plant density, shed period and covering time of grass carpet, low yield and quality of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim. cultivated in greenhouse in Guanzhong area, a series of standardized cultivation technology tests were conducted. The results showed that the ideal planting density was 150 cm×200 cm; appropriate shed time was in late December; unveiling and covering time of grass carpet should be 8∶00 and 16∶00 respectively in sunny day, 10∶00 and 14∶00 in cloudy day and whole plant should be sprayed with 200 dilutions of 15% Paclobutrazol WP from early July to early August for 2 times was good for germination and differentiation of nectarine.

Key words: greenhouse; Prunus persica(L.)Batsch. var. nectarina(Ait.)Maxim.; standardized cultivation; Guanzhong area

油桃[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch. var. nectarina(Ait.)Maxim.]是果皮外被茸毛普通桃[P. persica(L.)Batsch.]的变种。在中国西北地区的甘肃省、新疆维吾尔自治区有野生的油桃,当地称为“李光桃”。油桃对土壤、气候的适应性和栽培技术跟普通桃基本一样,但其果实表面光滑无毛,外观艳丽美观,采摘、食用方便且上市早,所以深受种植者和消费者的青睐;近年来,油桃在果树生产上所占的比例不断增加,现在的产区主要分布在辽宁、陕西、河南、河北、山西、山东等省,而且栽培面积还在逐年扩大[1]。20世纪90年代以后,随着国内油桃育种工作的不断深入,中国桃育种科技工作者利用从国外引进的油桃品种与中国的普通桃品种进行了有效的杂交,培育出了一系列风味独特、适应中国环境气候条件的油桃新品种,并且在生产上得到了大面积的推广,特别是在一些新兴的桃产区,发展面积大大超过了普通桃。尤其是曙光(P. persica var. nectarina cv. Shuguang)、华……

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