潘尚河
潘尚河/广西现代职业技术学院教授(广西河池547000)。
由于汉英语言思维方式的巨大差异,对人称代词的表达意义、指称以及表达方式也不尽相同。在汉英语言人称代词的互译过程中需要结合实际情况进行综合考虑。通常,在汉语语言中的某一人称代词译成英语时,可能会有不同的表达形式,笔者认为很有研究的必要。
即汉语原文使用人称代词,英语译文也用人称代词。同样,汉语原文没有使用人称代词,英语译文也不使用人称代词。例:
我们中华民族有同自己的敌人血战到底的气概,有在自力更生的基础上光复旧物的决心,有自立于世界民族之林的能力。
We Chinese nation have the spirit to fight the enemy to the last drop of our blood,the determination to recover our lost territory by our own efforts,and the ability to stand on our feet in the family of nations.(毛泽东:《论反对日本帝国主义的策略》,北京外文出版社1961年版译文)
她站在窗子跟前,闷闷不乐地瞅着外面灰蒙蒙的后院,一只灰色的猫正在灰色的篱笆上行走。
She stood by the window and looked out sadly at a gray cat walking along a gray fence in a gray backyard.(0.Henry.The Gifts)
在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。
Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century,the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.
把西红柿切成片,摆在小盘子里。
Slice the tomato finely and place it in a small dish.
即汉语原文使用人称代词,英语译文省略(不用)人称代词。例:
你过来吧!
Come here,please!
走在厚厚的地毯上。我听不到一点脚步声。
The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.(Joseph)
在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。
Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meeting on matters to be discussed.
凭良心讲,你待我礼貌有加,我却受之有愧。
My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness.
我们最近查找到了卷宗,发现本局并无此信。可以肯定的是,我们于两个月前收到此信,经研究后,已寄还贵处。
A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession.It is noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office
即汉语原文没有(隐含)人称代词,英语译文增补人称代词。……