稻茬小麦公顷产量9000 kg群体氮素积累、 分配与利用特性

丁锦峰， 杨佳凤， 王云翠， 陈芳芳， 封超年， 朱新开，李春燕， 彭永欣， 郭文善

(扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室/扬州大学小麦研究所，江苏扬州 225009)

稻茬小麦公顷产量9000 kg群体氮素积累、 分配与利用特性

丁锦峰， 杨佳凤， 王云翠， 陈芳芳， 封超年， 朱新开，李春燕， 彭永欣， 郭文善*

(扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室/扬州大学小麦研究所，江苏扬州 225009)

稻茬小麦; 高产; 氮素积累、 分配与利用

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is one of the essential nutrients for wheat production. It is very important to figure out what are the definite characteristics of N accumulation, distribution and utilization in different yield level populations, which is much theoretical and practical meaning to agricultural production. In this study, these characteristics of wheat population at yield level of 9000 kg/ha (LV. 9000) were studied by agronomic management on the medium-gluten wheat, Yangmai 20 (TriticumaestivumL.), grown in rice-wheat rotation. The field experiments were performed at 32 combinations of two planting densities (150×104and 225×104/ha) and different N managements, including N amount (210 and 262.5 kg/ha), the ratio of basis ∶tillering ∶elongation ∶late topdressing of N (3 ∶1 ∶3 ∶3 and 5 ∶1 ∶2 ∶2), and N topdressing stage (flag leaves stage, booting stage, heading stage and anthesis). The results show that the LV. 9000 N accumulation amounts (NAA) at stages from the elongation to the anthesis, at the anthesis and at the maturity are 104-117, 197-205 and 234-251 kg/ha, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of other populations. The NAAs in leaves, stems and spikes at the anthesis and in grain at the maturity are respectively significant linear positive correlation with the grain yield, and are 89-91, 74-83, 32-33 and 177-188 kg/ha under the LV. 9000. The N translocation amount (NTA) from vegetative organ at anthesis to grain is significantly linear positive correlation with grain yield. The LV. 9000 NTAs from leaves, stems, and raches and hulls at the thesis to grain are 65-73, 53-54 and 16-20 kg/ha, separately. For the LV. 9000 in rice-wheat rotation, the N amount to produce 100 kg of grain, N use efficiency and N harvest index are 2.9-3.0 kg, 32.9-34.5 kg/kg and 0.73-0.77, respectively.

Keywords: wheat in rice-wheat rotation; high-yielding; accumulation; distribution and utilization of nitrogen

不同产量水平小麦群体各生育期氮素积累量及阶段积累量存在差异[1-4]。黄淮麦区产量高于9000 kg/hm2的旱茬小麦氮素吸收与利用特性已有相关报道，张洪程等[5]认为与一般高产群体相比，9000 kg/hm2高产群体吸氮总量约增加10%，主要是生育中、 后期的吸氮量的增加; 于振文等[6]认为9000 kg/hm2高产小麦每公顷吸收氮的总量高于高产麦田，但生产100 kg籽粒所需的氮少于高产麦田; 张法全等[7]认为10000 kg/hm2小麦具有较高的植株氮素积累量、 籽粒氮素积累量和花后营养器官氮素向籽粒的转运量。长江中下游麦区稻茬小麦籽粒产量在7500 kg/hm2左右的群体氮素吸收与利用特性也已有报道[1,8-9]，9000 kg/hm2高产群体的氮素积累、 分配与利用特性尚少有涉及。本研究在稻-麦两熟制条件下，以扬麦20为材料，通过基本苗和氮肥施用量、 施用时期和比例调控建立不同产量水平群体，分析不同产量水平群体氮素积累动态、 氮素吸收与利用及其与籽粒产量的关系，探讨稻茬小麦9000 kg/hm2群体的氮素积累、 分配与利用特性，为稻茬小麦大面积高产及高产栽培提供理论与实践依据。……