弓永明+蔡志远+马银圣+刘浩鑫
摘 要: 设计了一种短波鞭状宽带天线,天线体高度为10 m,直径为10 cm,利用FEKO电磁仿真软件建立了仿真模型。通过对天线体进行两点集总元件加载来改善天线低频段阻抗特性,利用遗传算法优化了加载点和加载位置,并在天线馈电端运用改进实频法进行匹配网络设计,使得天线在3~30 MHz频段内阻抗平稳。计算了天线的驻波比、增益和效率,并实际制作了一副天线进行了测试,实测天线驻波比和仿真计算结果相吻合,最大驻波比不超过2.8,可以和宽带发射机良好匹配,实现了天线的宽带化。
关键词: 鞭状宽带天线; 集总元件加载; 匹配网络; 仿真模型
中图分类号: TN822?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2014)04?0017?04
Design of shortwave whip?shaped broadband antenna
GONG Yong?ming, CAI Zhi?yuan, MA Yin?sheng, LIU Hao?xin
(Qingdao Branch, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China)
Abstract: A shortwave whip?shaped broadband antenna was designed, whose height is 10 m and diameter is 10 cm. A simulation model was established with electromagnetic simulation software FEKO. The low?frequency band impedance characteristics of the antenna was improved by loading of the two?point lumped elements of the antenna body. The loading point and loading position was optimized with genetic algorithm. The matching network design was implemented by using the improved real frequency method at the antenna feed end to make the antenna impedance stable in the range of 3~30 MHz. The antenna standing wave ratio, gain and efficiency were calculated. The antenna was made and tested. The measured antenna standing wave ratio is coincident with the simulation calculation result. Its maximum standing wave ratio is no more than 2.8, which can match with the broadband transmitter. A broadband antenna was realized by the design.
Keywords: whip?shaped broadband antenna; lumped component loading; matching network; simulation model
0 引 言
鞭状天线是天线工程技术中应用非常广泛的天线,在通信、广播、电视、雷达、导航、遥测、遥感等工程系统中均有应用。随着短波通信系统中调频、扩频技术的广泛应用,调谐天线已经不能满足使用要求,需要宽带的天线系统。鞭状天线由于结构简单占地面积小、安装架设方便,可以在无法架设竖笼天线、双锥天线等宽带短波天线的有限空间诸如房顶、车体、舰艇上安装架设,因此,实现鞭状天线在3~30 MHz短波频段内的宽带化是非常有现实意义的。
1 鞭状天线形式及性能分析
无限大理想导电平面上鞭状天线示意图见图1,其输入阻抗为自由空间相对应的对称振子天线输入阻抗的[12],当[h<0.3λ]时,其近似计算公式[1?2]如式(1)所示:
[Zin=Rrsin2βh-jZCActgβh] (1)
式中:[Rr]为天线辐射阻抗;[β=2πλ];[h]为天线高度;……