小型化北斗导航圆极化天线研究

2014-04-18 18:29:37于家傲姜永金李有权鞠志忠
现代电子技术 2014年7期

于家傲+姜永金+李有权+鞠志忠

摘 要: 结合多种贴片开槽方案,采用正交馈电圆极化激励方式,实现了一款北斗B3(1 268.52±10) MHz频点导航天线的小型化设计。通过电磁仿真软件HFSS对其结构参数进行优化仿真分析,数值结果表明:小型化天线在B3处的顶空增益为3.69 dB,低仰角增益≥-1.5 dB(≤±70°),反射损耗小于-10 dB的带宽为20 MHz,带内轴比≤2 dB。该小型化天线贴片尺寸相比同介电常数基板的同频点未开槽天线缩小72.8%,具有一定的应用前景。

关键词: 微带天线; 圆极化; 小型化; 开槽

中图分类号: TN821+.1?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2014)07?0079?03

Research on circularly polarization microstrip antenna for miniaturized

Beidou navigation system

YU Jia?ao, JIANG Yong?jin, LI You?quan, JU Zhi?zhong

(Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China)

Abstract:Combining with the variety of slotting plans, a miniaturized designed of frequency point navigation antenna of Beidou?B3 frequency (1 268.52±10 MHz) with the incentive method of circular polarization orthogonal feedback is realized. The structure parameter is simulated and analyzed through HFSS, the numerical result shows that the peak gain value at B3 is 3.69 dB, low elevation gain (±70°)≥-1.5 dB. The bandwidth is 20 MHz when the return loss is less than -10 dB, and the axial ratio value≤2 dB. The proposed antenna?size reduced by about 72.8% as compared to the no slot antenna with the same frequency point of the same dielectric constant substrate and at a given operating frequency, it has a certain application prospect.

Keywords: microstrip antenna; circularly polarization (CP); miniaturized; slot

0 引 言

“北斗”卫星导航系统(COMPASS Navigation Satellite System,CNSS)是我国自主研发的全球卫星定位与通信系统。随着“北斗”卫星导航系统的逐步应用,导航终端日益趋向便携:轻、薄、短、小,这对导航终端天线提出了更高的要求,因此,研制应用于“北斗”卫星定位接收机的小型化、高性能的微带天线也就得到了越来越广泛的重视[1]。在实际应用中,由于北斗天线的工作频率较低,其天线尺寸较大,不便于安装和携带,因而北斗圆极化天线的小型化问题也就成了该领域的热点。

目前,微带天线小型化的实现方法主要有:采用特殊介质基片、加载短路探针、贴片表面开槽、附加有源网络、采用特殊微带贴片形式等[2?3]。最常用的一种方法是采用高介电常数的介质基片来减小微带天线尺寸,但这种方法的主要缺陷是:天线激励出较强的表面波,表面损耗较大,使增益减小;效率降低;带宽窄。为提高增益,常在天线表面覆盖高介电常数介质,但这样又增加了天线的厚度。……

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