符海鸥 饶烨
摘要:基坑安全,必须对基坑进行实时监测。其中位移监测是基坑监测中最基本、最有效的一种。在深基坑开挖的施工过程中,采用何种方法进行水平位移监测,既能够保证精度,又可节省成本,是基坑施工监测的关键问题之一,本文讨论了四种常用的水平位移监测方法,全站仪坐标法、测小角法、单站改正法、视准线法。通过比较,全站仪坐标法是目前基坑监测中运用较广泛的一种方法。
关键词:水平位移监测全站仪坐标法测小角法单站改正法视准线法
中图分类号:TQ639.2文献标识码:A
On the horizontal displacement of deep excavation methods monitor the implementation
Fu HaiouRao Ye
(Sichuan Province Nuclear Industry Geological Survey, Chengdu 610000)
Abstract: The Pit, pit must be real-time monitoring. Displacement Monitoring pit which is monitoring the most basic and effective. During the construction process of deep excavation, using what methods for horizontal displacement monitoring, both to ensure accuracy, but also cost savings is one of the key issues pit construction monitoring, the paper discusses four common horizontal displacement monitoring methods, total station coordinate method, the measured small angle method, a single corrections law, depending on thealignment method. By comparison, total station coordinate method is the use of monitoring pit broader approach.
Keywords: horizontal displacement monitoring total station coordinates measured by small angle correction method using single station collimation line method
0 引言
随着经济的飞速发展,高层和大型建筑物越来越多,建筑物基坑开挖的深度和规模也越来越大。为保证深基坑开挖的安全,以及为基坑支护方案的选取提供基础资料,必须对基坑进行变形监测。深基坑变形监测主要包括基坑边坡的沉降监测、支护桩的倾斜监测、水平位移监测,以及对周边建筑物、管线设备的监测。对水平位移监测来说[1],由于深基坑不仅自身存在变形,还会对基坑周围地层、周边建( 构) 筑物的地基产生沉降和倾斜影响。在周围建筑物密集、观测点无法设站或设站很困难的情况下,用常规的水平位移监测方法很难获取准确的监测成果。因此,如何选择一种合适的方法进行深基坑水平位移监测是一个值得探讨的问题。
1 全站仪坐标法
全站仪坐标法包括传统的极坐标法和以极坐标为基础的自由设站法。自由设站法是由两个已知坐标的点作为后视点,首先求得测站点的坐标,然后通过测站点坐标测算出前视测站点的坐标[2]。……