天山马鹿与青海马鹿茸重性状的杂种优势研究

2014-04-29 15:02:54柳存秦大伟
安徽农业科学 2014年26期

柳存 秦大伟

摘要

[目的] 为提高茸鹿养殖经济效益提供参考。[方法] 通过测定1~5锯天青杂交马鹿F1代及其母本(青海马鹿)和父本(天山马鹿)的产茸量,研究其杂种优势。[结果] 1~5锯天青杂交F1平均鲜茸重为4.07 kg,与其母本及父本有极显著差异(P<0.01)。天青杂交F11~5锯平均鲜茸重的杂种优势率为24.67%。

[结论] 与天山马鹿相比,青海马鹿产生较高的杂种优势,可能会带来更好的经济效益。

关键词 马鹿;杂交;茸重性状;杂种优势率

中图分类号 S829.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)26-09047-01

Study on the Heterosis of Antler Yield between Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus Qinghai

LIU Cun,QIN Da-wei

(Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Qinghaihu Countryside of Haiyan County, Qinghai Province, Haiyan, Qinghai 812299;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070)

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to provide references for enhancing the economic benefits of breeding antler deer. [Method] The antler yield of Cervus elaphus Qinghai (female parent), Cervus elaphus songaricus(male parent) and their F1hybrids during 1st~5th sawing were determined to analyze the heterosis. [Result] The fresh antler weight of F1hybrids with Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus Qinghai during 1st~5th sawing was 4.07 kg, which had extremely significant difference with their parents(P<0.01). The heterosis rate of the average fresh antler weight of F1hybrids with Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus Qinghai during 1st-5th sawing was 24.67%. [Conclusion] Compared with Cervus elaphus songaricus, Cervus elaphus Qinghai had higher heterosis, which might bring better economic benefits.

Key words Cervus elaphus; Hybridization; Antler yield trait; Heterosis rate

青海马鹿是我国以地域命名的马鹿类群,主要分布于祁连山脉3 200 m以上的高山草原地区,其产茸质量较低。由于青海马鹿近交的影响,鹿群退化严重制约着养鹿业的发展。鉴于此,甘肃省天祝华藏寺鹿场引入产茸性能之首的天山马鹿亚种作为父本改良青海马鹿,在此已有应用天山马鹿和东北马鹿杂交提高鹿茸产量和质量的研究报道[1]。笔者通过1~5锯天青杂交马鹿F1的产茸量与同年龄的天山马鹿、青海马鹿产茸量杂种优势进行了初步研究,旨在提高马鹿育种工作中选种的准确性,进而提高茸鹿养殖经济效益提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 試验动物

选自甘肃省天祝华藏寺鹿场的天山马鹿、青海马鹿、天青杂交F1(各16头)。

1.2 试验方法

试验期间分别测定了天山马鹿、青海马鹿和天青杂交F11~5 锯产茸鲜重,使用SPSS17.0统计软件进行差异显著性检验,然后再按照以下公式计算各锯别杂种优势率:

F1茸重性状的杂种优势率=

2 结果与分析

从表1可以看出,天青杂交F1头茬茸平均鲜重为2.12 kg,母鹿为1.43 kg,父鹿为0.94 kg,双亲均值为1.19 kg,天青杂交F1的头茬茸鲜重明显高于父本和母本的头茬茸鲜重。……

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