李泌等
摘要[目的]扩大鄂西地区稻瘟病菌菌库,分析其群体结构。[方法]收集鄂西不同地区2011年间的感病稻秆,分离保存稻秆上的穗颈瘟病菌,通过RAPD、repPot2PCR、REMAP 3种标记对分离的菌株进行分子标记。[结果]从9个稻秆上共分离得到29个稻瘟病菌。遗传多样性分析结果表明,相似性水平在75%时, 2011年供试菌株可分为5个遗传宗谱,宗谱3(7个菌株)和4(19个菌株)为优势宗谱,其余3个为稀有宗谱。[结论] 2011年鄂西地区稻瘟病菌由5个遗传宗谱组成。
关键词水稻稻瘟病菌;鄂西地区;遗传多样性
中图分类号S435.111.4+1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)14-04249-03
Genetic Diversity of Magnaporthe oryzae in Western Hubei Province in 2011
LI Mi, XU Xin et al(Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430074)
Abstract[Objective] To enlarge the physiological race library of Magnaporthe oryzae in Western Hubei Province, analyze the population structure. [Method] The Magnaporthe oryzae spores were isolated from the infected rice panicles, which were collected from western Hubei Province area in 2011. Cluster analysis of the test samples was conducted by RAPD, REMAP and repPot2PCR. [Result] 29 Magnaporthe grisea strains were isolated from 9 panicles. The result of cluster analysis showed there were 5 genetic lineages at similarity coefficient of 0.75. Lineages III and IV, which included 7 strains and 19 strains, respectively, were dominant lineage. [Conclusion]Magnaporthe oryzae in West Hubei Province in 2011 was divided into 5 genetic lineages.
Key wordsMagnaporthe oryzae; Western Hubei Province; Genetic diversity
稻瘟病是由Magnaporthe oryzae引起的一类真菌病害,是水稻的三大病害之一。稻瘟病具有发生地域广、流行频率高、危害影响重等特点。防治稻瘟病的方法主要有药物防治和抗性品种筛选2种方法,受环境和成本等因素的制约,目前主要以选择抗性品种为主。但由于稻瘟病生理小种遗传和致病的多样性,同一水稻产区抗性品种在推广种植数年之后抗性会逐渐减弱,甚至完全丧失[1-2]。因此,利用现有抗性基因和发现新的抗性基因,收集生理小种,调查演变趋势,对合理布局抗病品种,长期、有效地防治稻瘟病具有重要意义。
鄂西地区地处武陵山区北端。该地区属于中亚热带温湿季风气候,雾露多、日照少、湿度大、雨熱同季,降水分布不均匀,极易引起稻瘟病的发生[3]。同时由于境内海拔高低悬殊,气候垂直差异明显,地形地貌复杂,水稻种植的品种和时间也存在明显差异,使得该地区稻瘟病菌生理小种具有品种丰富、组成复杂、致病力强等特点,是研究稻瘟病的代表性地区[4]。……