几种厨余垃圾施用对盆花吊兰生长的影响

2014-04-29 11:55:07孙宾聂立水袁茜男张欣张国全高培鑫朱嘉磊
农学学报 2014年12期

孙宾 聂立水 袁茜男 张欣 张国全 高培鑫 朱嘉磊

摘  要:通过盆栽试验研究4种家庭常见厨余垃圾(过期牛奶、沤制茶渣、新鲜茶渣、鸡蛋壳)在盆栽观叶植物(吊兰)的施用效果。结果表明,过期牛奶能促进吊兰叶长生长,使其叶绿素含量提高,并增加了土壤有效养分含量如有效氮、有效磷和速效钾等。茶渣和鸡蛋壳虽能使吊兰叶长生长有一定促进效果,但后期效果不明显。茶渣能使吊兰叶绿素含量下降,建议观叶植物不宜施用茶渣。厨余垃圾当作肥料用于家庭盆栽花卉是一条厨余垃圾循环利用新途径。

关键词:厨余垃圾;吊兰;土壤有效养分;叶绿素;叶生长

中图分类号:S141.8    文献标志码:A    论文编号:2014-0968

Effects of Several Common Kitchen Wastes on the Growth of Chlorophytum comosum

Sun Bin, Nie Lishui, Yuan Qiannan, Zhang Xin, Zhang Guoquan, Gao Peixin, Zhu Jialei

(College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract: Effects of four common kitchen wastes (expired milk, timed tea sullage, new tea sullage and egg shell) on indoor potted ornamental leaf plant Chlorophytumcomosum were studied by pot experiment. Result showed that expired milk promoted the growth of the leaves and the content of chlorophyll, increased soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Both tea sullage and egg shell increased leaf length after application, but the result did not last long as that of expired milk. Tea sullage decreased the leaf chlorophyll content and was not suggested to be applied to indoor potted leaf plant. Applying kitchen waste to indoor potted ornamental plants is a new recycled utilization way of kitchen waste.

Key words: Kitchen Waste; Chlorophytum comosum; Soil Available Nutrients; Chlorophyll; Leaf Growth

0  引言

餐厨垃圾是一个非常广泛的概念,Priceet等[1]认为食物生产、运输、分配及消费中产生的废弃部分都属于餐厨垃圾。按照来源不同,餐厨垃圾主要分为餐饮垃圾和厨余垃圾[2]。而根据中国住房和城市建设部制定的《餐厨垃圾处理技术规范》,餐厨垃圾是指饭店、宾馆、企事业单位食堂、食品加工厂、家庭等加工、消费食物过程中形成的残羹剩饭、过期食品、下脚料、废料等废弃物。厨余垃圾是指食物残余和食品加工废料[3]。据清华大学环境系固体废物污染控制及资源化研究所的数据表明,中国城市每年产生厨余垃圾不低于6000万t,而北京发展改革委的数据显示,北京每天产生1200 t厨余垃圾。家庭厨余垃圾可以分为熟厨余垃圾和生厨余垃圾2类。熟厨余垃圾主要指剩饭、剩菜,而生厨余垃圾主要包括果皮、蛋壳、茶渣、骨、贝壳、过期牛奶等。……

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