肉糜体系成分对淀粉老化特性的影响

2014-04-29 06:38:23曹苏文张沫杨玉玲游远
肉类研究 2014年3期

曹苏文 张沫 杨玉玲 游远

摘 要:利用流变仪研究肉糜体系中4 种成分(肌原纤维蛋白、脂肪、食盐和大豆蛋白)在贮藏过程中对淀粉老化的影响。结果表明:肌原纤维蛋白和食盐对淀粉糊老化的抑制效果均随质量分数增加而增强,并随着贮藏时间延长,其抑制老化的效果更加明显,脂肪和大豆蛋白对淀粉糊老化的抑制效果在不同贮藏时间下均随质量分数增加先上升后下降;通过正交试验可知,添加1.00%肌原纤维蛋白、1.50%脂肪、4.00%食盐和4.00%大豆蛋白时,淀粉糊的总体老化程度最低,影响淀粉糊总体老化程度的主次因子依次是食盐、肌原纤维蛋白、脂肪和大豆蛋白。

关键词:淀粉;老化;肌原纤维蛋白;脂肪;食盐;大豆蛋白

Effects of Ingredients in Chicken Breast Surimi on Starch Retrogradation

CAO Su-wen, ZHANG Mo, YANG Yu-ling*, YOU Yuan

(Jiang su Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Controls and Further Processing of Grain and Oils, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China)

Abstract: A rheometer was employed to study the effects of four ingredients in chicken surimi (myofibrillar protein, fat, starch, salt and soy protein) on starch retrogradation during storage. Myofibrillar protein and fat at higher levels exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on starch retrogradation; this effect was more evident with prolonged storage time. After different storage times, the inhibitory effect of fat and soy protein rose at first and then dropped with increasing levels. From orthogonal array experiments, it was found that the lowest extent of starch retrogradation was obtained when 1.00% myofibrillar protein, 1.50% fat, 4.00% salt and 4.00% soy protein were added. In addition, the importance of the ingredients followed the decreasing order: salt, myofibrillar protein, fat and soy protein.

Key words: starch; retrogradatin; myofibrillar protein; fat; salt; soy protein

中图分类号:TS201.7 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2014)03-0005-05

淀粉是肉糜制品中常用配料,尤其是在价格相对低廉的火腿肠、盐水火腿等产品中,淀粉作为填充剂被大量使用[1]。淀粉添加到肉糜制品中可明显改善肉制品和灌肠制品等的组织结构、嫩度、保水性和黏着力等加工特性,但是淀粉在贮藏过程中会发生老化现象,从而会导致肉制品感官质量下降[2]。淀粉老化除受淀粉分子本身的组成和结构影响外,也会受到肉制品中常见成分的影响。在糜类肉制品中主要成分有肌肉蛋白、脂肪、大豆蛋白和食盐等,这些成分都可能影响淀粉老化。

肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)是肌肉中最主要的蛋白质,其成胶性能对肉制品的产量、黏着力、质构、脂肪含量以及保水性等有重要的影响[3-5]。……

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