不同施氮水平和打顶方式对烤烟PVH1452烟叶产质量的影响

梁云高 王玉红 赵瑾 张映翠 胡小东 邹阳

摘要 [目的]探索在楚雄烟区特定的生态环境条件下，烤烟PVH1452适宜的施氮水平和打顶方式。[方法]采用裂区试验设计。以施氮量为主处理，分别为75、105 kg/hm²两个水平；打顶方式为副处理，分别为扣心打顶和初花打顶两个水平。[结果]75、105 kg/hm²两个施氮水平对烤烟PVH1452的农艺性状、产质量和外观质量、化学成分无明显影响。与初花打顶比较，扣心打顶株高明显降低，中上部叶长宽增大明显，初烤烟叶产量和质量明显提高，上部叶外观质量和化学成分更为适宜。[结论]该研究可为楚雄烟区栽培管理中进一步改善烟叶品质提供技术依据。

关键词 扣心打顶；初花打顶；施氮水平；PVH1452；产质量

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）27-09294-04

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels and Topping Methods on Yield and Quality of PVH1452

LIANG Yungao， WANG Yuhong， ZHAO Jin et al

（Chuxiong Company of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Corporation， Chuxiong， Yunan 675000）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to explore the suitable nitrogen level and topping method for fluecured tobacco PVH1452 in the specific environment conditions of Chuxiong tobacco area. [Method] The split plot design was used. The main treatment was nitrogen application amount， two levels were 75 and 105 kg/hm²respectively； the vice treatment was topping method， two levels were budtopping and topping in early flower respectively. [Result] There was no significant effects on agronomic traits， yield and quality， appearance quality， chemical properties of fluecured tobacco PVH1452 between 5 kg/hm²and 105 kg/hm². Comparing to topping in early flower， the budtoppings plant height decreased significantly， length and width of upper leaf increased significantly， yield and quality improved significantly， and appearance quality and chemical composition of upper leaves was more suitable. [Conclusion] The study provides a technical basis for deeply improving fluecured tobacco leaves quality during cultivation and management in Chuxiong tobacco area.

Key words Budtopping； Topping in early flower； Nitrogen application levels； PVH1452； Yield and quality

国内外学者对以提高烟叶品质为目标的优质烟叶栽培管理技术研究颇多，在施氮水平、打顶方式等方面进行了仔细的研究^[1-4]，研究结果证明，施氮水平和打顶方式对烟叶品质有明显的影响。但关于打顶方式和施氮水平对烤烟PVH1452影响的研究尚未见报道。PVH1452系云南省烟草农业科学研究院、中国烟草育种研究（南方）中心、玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司于2009年联合从巴西布菲金种子公司引进的烤烟品种，2013年12月通过全国烟草品种委员会审定^[5]，具有田间生长势强、分层落黄特征明显、经济性状较好、工业可用性强等特点。为此，笔者在楚雄烟区生态条件下，通过裂区试验探索不同施氮水平和打顶方式对烤烟新品种PVH1452烟叶物理学性状、产质量特征以及烟叶内在品质的影响，以期为其在楚雄烟区的栽培管理中进一步改善烟叶品质提供技术依据。……