块菌菌根促栖菌研究

摘要

[目的]为了检测细菌对块菌菌根苗的菌根数量、株高和地径的影响，寻找块菌可能的NHBs。[方法] 设置5个菌根组合T. indicum × C. mollissima，T. indicum × Q. franchetii，T. aestivum × C. mollissima，T. aestivum × Q. franchetii和T. melanosporum × C. mollissima为供试菌根组合。选择6株细菌苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）、溶桿菌（Lysobacter capsici）、蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、瓜两面神菌（Janibacter melonis）、氧化烃微杆菌（Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans）和球形节杆菌（Arthrobacter globiformis）作为供试细菌。在块菌接种的过程中在菌剂中分别加入供试细菌和抗生素，在幼苗形成菌根后对菌根苗的菌根进行计数，并且测量株高和地径。[结果] 苏云金牙孢杆菌可以极显著地促进Ti×Qf菌根苗的菌根数量和地径，球形节杆菌极显著地促进Tm×Cm菌根苗的菌根数量。这两种细菌可以应用于实验大棚接种。

[结论]

同一细菌对于不同的菌根组合形成的菌根数量、菌根苗株高和地径具有真菌特异性。它会促进某些菌根组合的菌根数量、菌根苗株高和地径形成，但会抑制另外一些菌根组合的菌根数量、菌根苗株高和地径。同时，块菌子囊果内土著细菌对于所有供试菌根组合形成的菌根数量都有显著促进作用，但对于菌根苗株高和地径的影响在不同组合中不一致。

关键词块菌；菌根；根际微生物；菌根促栖菌

中图分类号S182文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2014）36-13179-06

Abstract[Objective]The objective was to test the influence of bacteria on mycorrhizal number， height and basal diameter of Tubermycorrhizaed seeding. [Method] Five mycorrhizal combinations， T. indicum × C. mollissima，T. indicum × Q. franchetii，T. aestivum × C. mollissima，T. aestivum × Q. franchetii and T. melanosporum × C. mollissima were synthesized. Six bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis， Lysobacter capsici， Bacillus cereus， Janibacter melonis， Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans and Arthrobacter globiformis were selected. Bacteria and antibiotic were added into inoculum respectively when mycorrhizal synthesis. After forming mycorrhizae， mycorrhizal number was counted， as well as height and basal diameter of seeding were measured.

[Result] Bacillus thuringiensis could promote mycorrhizal number and basal diameter of seedings of Ti × Qf significantly. Arthrobacter globiformis could promote mycorrhizal number of Ti × Qf seedings significantly. Bacillus thuringiensis and Arthrobacter globiformis were potential bacteria to be used in Tuberinoculated seedings. [Conclusion]Indigenous bacteria could promote the mycorrhizal formation of Tuber. Selected bacteria could promote mycorrhizal formation， height or basal diameter of seeding in one mycorrhizal combination， but inhibit in another mycorrhizal combination.

Key wordsTuber spp.； Mycorrhizae；Indigenous bacteria；Mycorrhization helper bacteria

大多数陆生植物的根系都会和菌根菌形成菌根。这是一种互惠共生的关系，在自然界中分布十分广泛[1]。菌根真菌能否顺利地侵染植物的根并且形成菌根，不仅取决于其周围的非生物因素如土壤pH、肥力、湿度和温度，而且取决于一些生物因素如土壤微生物[2]。菌根对其根际微生物有选择和调节的作用，根际中的有些微生物也能促进菌根的形成和改变菌根菌的基因表达[3-4]。……