低温胁迫对油棕叶片养分含量变化的影响

刘勇+冯美利+曹红星+李新国+王永

摘要以2年生的油棕幼苗为材料，根据温度的日变化规律，设置4个不同的温度处理，分别为CK(自然温度处理)，16℃(T1处理)、12℃(T2处理)、8℃(T3处理)，处理20 d后，分析在不同低温处理下叶片大量和微量营养元素含量的变化规律。结果表明：油棕叶片氮、磷、钾和镁含量在T1和T2处理下比CK有所降低, 其中叶片氮、磷和镁的含量在CK、T1、T2处理之间都未达到显著差异的水平；叶片钾和镁的含量在T3处理反而最高；铜和铁的含量在CK处理下最高，但各处理间差异不大；锰和锌的含量在低温处理下都比CK高，尤其在T2和T3处理下，和CK都达到显著差异的水平。该结果为进一步探明低温对油棕养分的吸收和运转的影响奠定基础。

关键词油棕 ；低温处理 ；养分含量

分类号S565.9

Effect of Low Temperature on the Leaf Nutrient Content of Oil Palm

LIU Yong1)FENG Meili2)CAO Hongxing2)LI Xinguo1)WANG Yong3)

(1 Horticulture and Landscape College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228;

2 Coconut Research Institute, CATAS, Wenchang, Hainan 571339;

3 Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan 571737)

AbstractThis experiment were used the two-years old oil palm seedlings as experimental material, the four lowest temperature treatments as CK (natural temperature treatment), 16℃ (T1 treatment), 12℃ (T2 treatment), 8℃ (T3 treatment) were designed according to the daily temperature change regularity. After treated for 20 days, the macro-element and micro-element content of oil palm leaf under different low temperature treatments were analyzed. The result showed that leaf N, P, K and Mg content with lower value under compared T1 and T2 treatments compared to CK; the difference of leaf N, P and Mg content among CK, T1, T2 treatments were not reach significance level; the leaf Cu and Fe content with the highest value under CK treatment but with no significant difference among each treatment. The leaf Mn and Zn content showed the lowest value under CK treatment especially the difference CK between T2 and T3 treatments with significance level. These results could provide the basis for explore the regular pattern of nutrient absorption and translocation of oil palm germplasm resources.

Keywordsoil palm ; low temperature treatment ; nutrient content

油棕是典型的热带作物，性喜高温多湿的气候，日均温在18℃以上才开始生长，最适宜生长发育的气温是24～27℃，平均最高温度为29～33℃，平均最低温度为22～24℃；月均温在22～23℃需有7～8个月才能正常开花结果[1-2]。当气温低于18℃时，油棕生长显著延缓，果实发育不良；当气温低于12℃时，几乎生长停止；当温度降至5～8℃以下，并持续数天之久时，各龄油棕就会出现不同程度的寒害，表现为：嫩叶出现冻斑、冻块和叶缘干枯死。当气温降至3℃，并连续7天有霜时，成龄油棕约0.2%会出现冻死的情况，56%植株叶片严重冻坏，败坏越冬果穗约占62%[3]。因此，低温对油棕的生长和产量有着严重的影响。此外，海南土壤的氮、磷、钾等必需元素普遍缺乏[4]，因此研究低温对油棕主要营养元素含量变化的影响具有重要意义，对于科学指导低温季节油棕的施肥提供理论基础。……