云南红河流域冲积沙壤土结构香蕉园土壤水肥力状况研究

2014-08-11 17:02:23李涛等
热带农业科学 2014年2期

李涛等

摘 要 对云南红河流域冲积沙壤土结构的香蕉园不同深度条件下土壤水肥力状况进行监测和研究,结果表明:(1) 该研究区香蕉园中土壤水pH 5.4~7.4,平均值6.08,电导率47~230 μS/cm,平均值101.6 μS/cm,随着土壤深度的增加,其pH、电导率逐渐减小,整体上表现为20 cm>40 cm>80 cm;(2) 土壤水中的主要营养元素碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾在不同时间梯度、不同纵向深度具有不同的含量及变化特征,三者的平均值分别为3.49、0.015 、8.7 mg/L,说明该区域内土壤水肥力状况较低,尤其缺乏磷肥;(3) 相关性分析说明,除20 cm深度土壤水中的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾具有一定相关性外,其他不同纵向深度土壤水中的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾不具有显著相关性,变化差异较大。

关键词 香蕉 ;沙壤土 ;土壤水 ;肥力状况

分类号 S668

Soil Water and Fertility Status of Banana Plantations in the Alluvial Sandy Loam in Honghe-river Drainage Areas

LI Tao LI Qin CHEN Hongjie LI Chun

ZHOU Min ZHAO Dongxing YANG Shaoqiong CHEN Weiqiang

(Honghe Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Hekou, Yunnan 661300)

Abstract In this paper, the soil water fertility was monitored and studied under the different depth soil in the banana plantation of the alluvial sandy loam structure in Honghe-river drainage area, the results showed that: (1)The soil water pH of the banana plantation was 5.4~7.4 in this studied area, the average was 6.08; and the conductivity was 47~230 μS/cm, the average was 101.6 μS/cm. The soil water pH and conductivity has decrease with the increase of soil depths on the whole, their value as: 20 cm > 40 cm > 80 cm. (2) The main nutrition elements hydrolyze nitrogen、available phosphorus、effective potassium had different content and characteristics under the different periods, and different depth. the average content for the solution as: hydrolyze nitrogen 3.49 mg/L, available phosphorus 0.015 mg/L, effective potassium 8.7 mg/L, it was indicated that the fertility status of the soil water was low within the region, especially lack of phosphate fertilizer. (3) The correlation analysis shows that except the soil water hydrolyze nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective potassium form 20 cm deep has some correlations,but others has not significant relationships which form different depths soil water, and their differences has large. This study has important implications for guiding fertilization of banana.

Keywords banana ; sandy loam ; soil water ; fertility status

云南红河流域冲积沙壤土的香蕉种植面积约6 700 hm2,香蕉是该流域最主要经济作物之一,也是该地区的农业支柱产业,对促进当地经济发展、增加农民收入、保障劳动力就业等都起着重要作用。目前对红河流域香蕉园的研究主要集中在土壤肥力、香蕉产量、病虫害防治等几个方面,有研究报道,该地区香蕉园土壤中含沙量较多,土壤肥力总体偏低,在香蕉施肥管理上还存在肥料施入不足或施肥过量等问题,缺乏科学的土壤养分管理措施[1]。

香蕉种植生产中普遍通过测定土壤养分指标来评价香蕉园的肥力状况,而忽视了测定土壤水养分指标。存在于土壤系统中的各种营养元素及矿物质,如果没有土壤水分的参与并不能直接被植物吸收利用,需溶解于土壤水中后才能被植物根系吸收利用,所以仅通过测定土壤养分指标指导香蕉施肥并不十分科学完善,还应同步测定土壤水养分指标,二者结合共同指导香蕉施肥。目前,国……

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