浅谈使用定语从句时的易犯错误

郑丽君

摘 要：定语从句由于具有先行词的复杂性，关系词的多样性以及从句中成分的多变性，位置的灵活性等特点，历年都是高考的重点。

关键词：定语 从句 错误

定语从句由于具有先行词的复杂性，关系词的多样性以及从句中成分的多变性，位置的灵活性等特点，历年都是高考的重点。但初学者在使用时 容易犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：

一、把定语从句的谓语动词的单复数弄错

1. 误：She is the girl I saw her last week.

正：She is the girl I saw last week.

译：她就是我上周见过的那个女孩。

析：应删去her ，因为从句的宾语省略了whom， who 或that

2. 误：The coat that my mother bought it is very beautiful.

正：The coat that my mother bought is very beautiful.

译：我妈妈买的那件外套很漂亮。

析：应删去it， 因为从句的宾语是关系代词that.

二、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词

1. 误：I like the football match was held last week.

正：I like the football match that/which was held last week.

译； 我喜欢上周举行的那场足球赛。

析； 应加上关系代词that 或which，因为从句中缺少主语， 且主语不能省略。

2. 误：The girl helped me is my friend.

正：The girl who/that helped me is my friend.

译：帮助我的那个女孩是我的朋友。

析：应加上关系代词that或who，因为从句中缺少主语，且主语不能省略。

三、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。

1. 误； This is the day when Ill never forget.

正：This is the day that Ill never forget.

译：这是我将永远不能忘记的日子。

析：应改when 为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词forget 是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。

2.误：The factory where well visit next week is not far from here.

正：The factory that/which well visit next week is not far from here.

译：我们下周将要参观的那家工厂离这儿不远。

析：应改where 为that或which，因为从句缺少宾语，而不是地点状语。

四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词

1. 误：The hotel where we stayed at during our holidays stands by the seaside.

正：The hotel where we stayed during our holidays stands by the seaside.

译：我们假期期间所呆的那家旅馆在海边。

析：应删去从句中的at，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，at 多余。……