曾克辉
1. 问:as...as结构能表示最高级吗?
答:可以,但是用as...as表达最高级必须符合以下两个条件:
①as...as any后接名词(名词常被省略)表最高级。
He is as clever as any (student) in our class. 他是我们班最聪明的同学。
②as...as ever后接动词的过去式,也表最高级。
He was as brave a soldier as ever lived. 他是最勇敢的士兵。
2. 问:much too和too much都可以作状语吗?如果是,有什么不同?
答:都可以作状语,但much too作状语修饰形容词或副词,而too much 作状语修饰动词。如:
He is much too tired. 他实在是太累了。(作状语,修饰形容词)
He walked much too slow. 他走得实在是太慢了。(作状语,修饰副词)
I miss you too much. 我实在是太想你了。(作状语,修饰动词)
注:too much还可以作代词或形容词用,分别担当主语、宾语、定语和表语。例如:
Too much will be done. 要做的事太多了。(作主语)
He ate too much. 他吃的太多了。 (作宾语)
He wasted too much time. 他浪费了太多的时间。(作定语).
The rubbish in the room is too much. 屋子里的垃圾太多了。(作表语)
3. 问:我看到这样一句话“He had the bravery to save the child from the flood.”,请问如何理解?
答:句意:“他非常勇敢,结果从洪水中救出了那个孩子。”这是“have + the + 抽象名词 + 不定式”表示“如此......以至于……;非常……结果……”的句式。又如:
He had the luck to find a satisfactory job.
= He was so lucky that he found a satisfactory job.
= He was lucky enough to find a satisfactory job.
= He luckily found a satisfactory job. 他非常幸运,找到称心如意的工作。
注:这种结构中的不定式to do也可以用of doing。如:
He had the carelessness to fail / of failing in the exam. 他是如此地粗心大意,以至于他没有通过这次考试。
4. 问:在“He came up to see what was the matter.”这句话中,what was the matter是否应该写成what the matter was?
答:这里的what was the matter与 what was wrong是一样的。wrong是形容词,the matter是名词,但在表示“问题;毛病”时,the matter常被当作形容词来用。例如:
Is anything the matter? 怎么了?
Theres nothing the matter with it. 这没有问题。
当然也有人将the matter直接用作名词“毛病;麻烦事”。如:
Every time he peeps, she jumps to see what the matter is. 每次他一发出尖细的叫声,她就跳起来看是怎么一回事。
但这在英语中,尤其在口语中是不常见的,因为它有时会产生歧义,如:
I dont know what is the matter. 我不知道出了什么问题。
I dont know what the matter is. ① 我不知道出了什么问题。② 我不知道这个物质是什么。