郁金香种球的退化与复壮

王明红+余展深+刘雯

摘要：为研究山区高海拔对郁金香（Tulipa gesneriana L.）种球复壮及山区低海拔不同处理对郁金香种球退化的影响，开展了荷兰进口种球在不同条件下的种球退化及种球复壮的试验，对种球重量及周长等数据进行相关统计学分析。结果表明，在低海拔区，铺草、遮阴、喷肥等处理对种球增量和种球膨大作用不明显，除王子和喷肥的林马克外，种球均出现退化现象。利用高海拔冷凉气候进行郁金香退化种球的复壮，构思的印象种球周长从13.0 cm增加到14.5 cm，膨大率达11.5%；重量从35.0 g增加到36.6 g，增重4.6%。领袖种球周长从13.0 cm增加到14.7 m，膨大率达13.1%；重量从35 g增加到45 g，增重28.6%，复壮效果明显。

关键词：郁金香（Tulipa gesneriana L.）；种球；退化；复壮

中图分类号：S682.2+63文献标识码：A文章编号：0439-8114（2014）10-2330-03

The Degradation and Rejuvenation of Tulipa gesneriana Bulbs

WANG Ming-hong，YU Zhan-shen，LIU Wen

（College of Forestry and Horticulture，Hubei University for Nationalities，Enshi 445000， Hubei，China）

Abstract： Experiments were made to study the rejuvenation of tulip（Tulipa gesneriana L.） bulbs in high altitude and degradation in low altitude of mountain region. Results of the average weight and circumference of tulip bulbs showed that the effect of three treatments including grass，shade，fertilizer spraying in low altitude was not apparent. The bulbs were degraded except Ad Rem and Leenv/D Mark with fertilizer spraying.In high altitude，the circumference of Design Impression bulbs was increased from 13.0 cm to 14.5 cm，with its swelling rate up to 11.5%，its weight from 35 g to 36.6 g，the rate of weight gain of 4.6%. The circumference of Big Chief bulbs was increased from 13.0 cm to 14.7 cm，with its swelling rate of 13.1%，its weight from 35 g to 45 g，the rate weight gain of 28.6%. It is obvious that the rejuvenation of tulip bulbs in high altitude is better than that in low altitude of mountain region.

Key words： Tulipa gesneriana L.； bulb； degradation； rejuvenation

基金项目：湖北省教育厅优秀中青年人才项目（Q20101901）

郁金香（Tulipa gesneriana L.）原产自伊朗和土耳其高山地带，是长日照花卉，性喜向阳、避风、冬季温暖湿润、夏季凉爽干燥的气候[1]，属多年生草本植物，其花色绚丽多姿，为国际公认的名贵高档鲜切花[2]，长期以来深受各国人民的喜爱。近年来，中国郁金香的种植数量大幅增加，但是由于气候和技术等原因，生产上普遍出现种球退化、繁殖系数低及子球增重慢等问题，大部分郁金香切花后或种植观赏后，就将子球丢弃，导致中国需每年大量进口郁金香种球。如何延缓种球退化及实现郁金香退化种球的复壮，对摆脱完全依靠种球进口的局面，实现其在中国的商业化生产，具有重大的理论及实际意义。……