王红梅
摘要
[目的]为确定澜沧县烤烟最佳移栽期。[方法]设置3个移栽期(4月20日、4月30日、5月10日),调查烤烟生长发育及产量。[结果]4月20日移栽生育期最长,有利于烟株根系生长,可促进烟株地上部分的生长,田间农艺性状较好,并可促进烟叶内在化合物的合成,烟叶产量得到提高。另外,4月20日移栽由于生长期更长,烟株更加健壮,病害相对较轻;由于移栽时间早,成熟时间相对较早,能够避开部分后期雨水天气,减少后期病害;前期花叶病发病少,后期能有效减少赤星病的发生。[结论]在适宜的时间内,提前移栽能够提高烟叶产量及内在品质。澜沧县地区烤烟适宜的移栽时间为4月20日左右。
关键词 移栽期;烤烟;产质量
中图分类号 S572 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10894-02
Effects of Different Transplanting Time on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Lancang County
WANG Hongmei1,2 (1.Tobacco Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128; 2. Pu'er City, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Pu'er, Yunnan 666500)
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to determine the best transplanting time of fluecured tobacco in Lancang County. [Method] Three transplanting time, April 20, 30 and May 10, was designed, and then investigated their growth, development and yield. [Result] Transplanting in April 20 had the longest growth period, was in favor of tobacco root growth, promoted the growth of overground parts of tobacco plants, had the better agronomic traits, promoted the synthesis of tobacco internal compounds, and then yield improved. Otherwise, transplanting in April 20 had stronger tobacco plants because of longer growth period, so the disease was relative lighter; the mature time of transplanting in April 20 was earlier because tobacco plants was transplanted earlier, so they avoided parts of rain weather at later growth period to decrease the later stage diseases; the mosaic of transplanting in April 20 was less at the earlier stage, so brown spot was decreased effectively at the later stage. [Conclusion] In the suitable time, early transplanting improves yield and internal quality of tobacco leaves. The suitable transplanting time of fluecured tobacco was April 20 in Lancang County.
Key words Transplanting period; Fluecured tobacco; Yield and quality
烤煙移栽期是烤烟生产的关键环节,移栽期不同,烤烟生长期间的气候条件不同,烟草的生长发育及产量均有差异[1-7]。烤烟适宜移栽期是指烤烟移栽以后的整个生育活动,能够充分利用当地的自然资源、生产条件,通过大田期科学管理,从而获得优质适产烟叶;过早、过迟移栽烟苗,不能获得优质适产烟叶[8-12]。澜沧是一个新烟区,为此,笔者对开展不同移栽期对澜沧县烤烟产量和品质的影响,为确定最佳移栽期提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试烤烟品种 云烟97。
1.2 试验设计 试验于2012年1~12月在澜沧县谦六乡田坝村进行,土地平整,肥力均匀,前作没有种过烤烟或其他茄科作物,排灌方便。整地理墒前,采用“S”5点取样法取土壤2.0 kg进行土壤养分化验分析。……