董京祥 姜静 李慧玉 刘桂丰
摘要
依据国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)及我国关于植物新品种DUS测试指南的相关规定,制定了适合我国桦木属植物新品种DUS测试指南。结果表明,通过深入研究桦木属主要种、变种及品种的形态特征和生长特性,共筛选出30个测试性状(质量性状9个、数量性状9个、假性质量性状13个)和9个标准品种用于新品种DUS测试;对每个测试性状的表达状态进行准确描述和科学分级,共划分了106个表达状态或等级;提出了桦木属植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性的判别标准。
关键词 桦木属;DUS测试指南;标准品种;测试性状
中图分类号 S7 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10965-04
Guideline for the Tests of DUS for New Varieties of Genus Betula
DONG Jingxiang, JIANG Jing, LI Huiyu, LIU Guifeng*
(Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040)
Abstract Based on the general introduction to examination of DUS for UPOV and the national standard of test guideline for DUS in China, the authors did comprehensive and painstaking research on morphology characteristics and growing characteristics of genus Betula, including main species, variants and cultivars. 9 example varieties and 30 testing characteristics were adopted for DUS test. In the testing characteristics, 9 qualitative, 9 quantitative, and 13 pseudoqualitative were included. At the same time, the expression states of testing characteristics were scientifically described and hierarchical for the table of characteristics; the 106 expression states of characteristics were given. The assessment standard for distinctness, uniformity, and stability was put forward.
Key words Betula; DUS test guideline; Standard varieties; Testing characteristics
我國林木育种工作是从20世纪50年代开始,至今林木育种工作者已培育出一大批林木优良品种,如何更有效地保护我国林木优良品种资源和育种者的合法利益,是一个亟需解决的问题[1]。1999年我国加入UPOV,2004年《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南总则》发布,我国开始启动植物属(种)的DUS测试指南技术标准的编制工作[2]。到目前为止,我国农业部和国家林业局已组织研制了一品红、柳属、核桃属等100多个植物新品种DUS测试指南[3-5]。
桦木属(Betula)植物全球约50种,产于北半球温带地区及北极地区。我国是桦木属植物的重要分布区,有29种6变种,全国均有分布,是我国主要森林植物之一[6]。该属植物具有喜光、速生、耐寒及耐干旱瘠薄土壤等特点,其生长特性、抗性及木材物理性质差异较大,被广泛用于单板材、纸浆材、建筑材、工艺材和食品辅助材料,在我国用材树种中具有举足轻重的地位[7-12]。……