张佳 郇青鹤 柯佑鹏 过建春
摘要 海南是我国五大香蕉主产区之一,但传统的施肥技术严重制约着海南香蕉产业的可持续发展,而控释肥技术被认为是当前较科学的施肥技术之一。通过实地调研,发现海南香蕉种植户对控释肥技术的反应大致存在4种不同层次的情况。究其原因,都是对控释肥技术缺乏足够的认知,最终影响该技术的推广应用效果。笔者通过分析制约海南香蕉控释肥技术推广的主要原因,从政府、科研机构、农技推广部门、香蕉种植者4个不同角度提出解决问题的措施。
关键词 香蕉;海南;控释肥;种植者
中图分类号 S668.1 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10938-03
Controlled Release Fertilizer Technologys Application Status on Banana in Hainan Province and Its Existing Problems
ZHANG Jia1, HUAN Qinghe1, KE Youpeng1* et al (College of Economic and Management, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228)
Abstract As Hainan is one of the five main banana-producing areas in China, its sustainable development on banana industry has been seriously restricted by traditional fertilization. However, the controlled release fertilizer technology is considered to be one of the scientific fertilization techniques currently. Based on the investigation, this paper summarized four kinds of controlled release fertilization technical application situations among banana growers in Hainan. Then because the growers are lack of enough cognition to the controlled release fertilizer technology, the popularization and application of this fertilization technology has been seriously affected. Through analyzing the main restricted reasons on its promotion in the banana planting in Hainan, the author puts forward some measures to solve these problems from four angles among the government, research institutions, agricultural technology extension departments and banana growers.
Key words Banana; Hainan; Controlled release fertilizer; Grower
改革開放以来,我国香蕉产业得到了快速的发展,特别是近年内,尽管我国香蕉产业发展经历了诸如2007年“香蕉癌症”风波、2011年“乙烯催熟香蕉”事件、2013年台风“海燕”、2014年香蕉“艾滋”风波等的影响,但事实上,无论是种植面积还是产量抑或单产均呈现较快增长的态势。在香蕉产业获得快速发展的过程中,面临着诸多影响可持续发展的问题与挑战,诸如施肥问题,而控释肥技术被认为是当前较科学的施肥技术之一。郝晓明[1]认为,化肥对农作物单产的贡献率为40%~60%。控释肥料是同步营养肥,是物化测土配方施肥理论和技术的最新肥料,是测土配方施肥的顶级肥料[2]。香蕉产业的现代化发展离不开现代肥料产业的支撑。通过控释肥料的研发,带动我国香蕉产业的技术升级。国家香蕉产业体系近年针对香蕉的专项控释肥技术进行了不断改进与革新,无论是在节约劳动力、降低成本、提早收获期,还是在香蕉口感与营养方面都取得显著效果。……