农村民间资本风险控制研究

卢秋萍

摘要：当前随着中小企业和农村经济发展对金融信贷的市场需求，农村民间资本呈现迅速发展的势头。但是，农村民间资本运营的风险性极高。农村民间资本风险控制要努力创造良好的信用环境，消除民间资本发展的信息障碍。加强信用建设，树立规则和信用意识，改善中小民营企业的融资条件。建立民间金融业诚信档案记录，提高失信成本，减少金融交易中的道德风险，以保证农村民间资本的良性发展。还要加大政策性金融的支农力度，发放政策性贷款，建立信用担保机构和农村保险基金来分担和转移风险，以更好地促进农村经济的发展。

关键词：民间资本；金融体制；风险控制

中图分类号：F832 文献标识码：A

文章编号：1005-913X（2014）09-0183-03

Study on Risk Control of the Rural Nongovernmental Capital

Lu Qiuping

（Henan Polytechnic Institute， Nanyang Henan， 473000）

Abstract： With the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the rural economy， the market demand credit financing. Rural nongovernmental capital has developed rapidly. However， the risks in operation of private capital is very high. Control of rural nongovernmental capital risk desperately need a good credit environment to remove the information obstacle of the development of non-governmental capital， strengthen the credit construction， establish rules and credit consciousness， and improve financing conditions of the small and medium-sized private enterprises. So， it need to establish the credit records of the nongovernmental capital finance， raise the cost of losing credit， and reduce the moral risks in financial transactions. Then， it would be possible to ensure the healthy development of rural nongovernmental capital. In addition， it needs further efforts to increase the policy financial support for agriculture， policy based loans， the establishment of the credit guarantee institutions and rural insurance fund to share and transfer risk to promote the development of rural economy.

Key words： nongovernmental capital； financial system； risk control

党的十七届三中全会明确将“农村经济体制更加健全，城乡经济社会发展一体化体制机制基本建立”作为2020年农村改革发展基本目标之一，并对当前和今后一个时期推进农村改革发展作出了具体部署。其中，如何运用好银行、信贷、保险、证券等金融机制，促进现代农业发展就成为最迫切需要解决的问题。

目前我国农村金融发展相对滞后，农村金融主要面对的是大量的分散小农户和中小型企业，它们不仅交易规模小、次数频繁、缺少担保或抵押，而且难以获得建立信用所必须的信息，加之农业生产的季节性等特点，这就要求金融服务要简便、灵活、及时，又由于农村经济尤其是农业投资周期长、收益低、不稳定、自然风险与市场风险并存、比较利益低下等特征，使农村金融的交易成本、资金使用成本和交易风险高，而收益又比较低。……