莫安妮+温文荣+姚丹丹+隋晶晶+刘福佳+冯志勇
摘 要 采用夹夜法和百米有效鼠洞口数法调查东莞市农区鼠害的发生动态,研究害鼠的群落结构、生物量结构和栖息空间分布特征。根据害鼠的发生规律,提出以生态防治为基础,化学防治为重点的综合防治措施。
关键词 农区鼠害 ;发生动态 ;综合治理
中图分类号 S443
Occurrence Dynamics and Integrated Control of Farmland Rodent in Dongguan
MO Anni WEN Wenrong YAO Dandan SUI Jingjing LIU Fujia FENG Zhiyong
(1 Xiegang Town Agricultural Office of Dongguan City, Dongguan, Guangdong 523590;
2 Dongguan Agro-tech Extension And Management Office, Dongguan, Guangdong 523010;
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Of High Technology For Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academic Of Agricultural Sciences, Dongguan, Guangzhou 510640)
Abstract With the method of overnight trap and counting number of effective rodent hole in every 100 meters,the occurrence dynamic of farmland rodent in Dongguan city is investigated. The community structure biomass structure and the habital space distribution characteristics about the farmland rodent have been researched. According to occurrence regularity of farm rodent,a integrated control method based on bionomic control and taken mostly chemical control is proposed, in the hope to provide technical guidance to farmland rodent control in Dongguang city and reach the aim of reducing the harm of farmland rodent.
Key words farmland rodent ; occurrence dynamic ; integrated control
东莞市位于广东省珠江三角洲地区,市内河网交错,种植区和养殖区交叉分布,工业和居民用地交叉分布,并混杂在农地中,导致鼠类栖居环境复杂,食物来源多样化,农作物长期受到鼠患侵害。近年来,由于农业结构调整、气候变化、土地丢荒等原因,鼠害呈上升趋势。长期使用抗凝血灭鼠剂灭鼠,造成抗凝血灭鼠剂的适口性和灭鼠效果逐年下降[1],鼠害问题更加突出。为确保东莞市农业产业安全,课题组开展了东莞市农区鼠害的发生动态研究,并提出了综合治理措施,以期对东莞市鼠害防控提供技术指导。
1 东莞市农区鼠害的发生动态
1.1 种类组成
2010-2012年在东莞市谢岗镇、洪梅镇、麻涌镇、中堂镇等乡镇采用夹夜法[2]调查了农区鼠类组成(表1)。共布放有效夹夜2 362个,捕获害鼠总数271只(包括可识别残体),总捕获率为11.47 %。经鉴定,捕获的鼠类共5种,隶属于3属,分别是鼠属的黄毛鼠(Rattus losea Swinhoe)、褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicusBerkenhont)和黄胸鼠(Rattus flavipectus Miln-Edwards),小家鼠属的小家鼠(Mus musculus Linnaeus)和板齿鼠属的板齿鼠(Bandicota indicaBechstein)。在捕获的样本中,黄毛鼠占害鼠总数的56.09 %,捕获率达到6.44 %;小家鼠占害鼠总数的9.56 %,捕获率达到2.24 %;板齿鼠占害鼠总数的15.87 %,捕获率为1.82 %;……